{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:12Z","timestamp":1787028612122,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aorto-esophageal fistula (AEF) is a condition with an extremely high mortality rate that often causes massive gastrointestinal bleeding, commonly resulting from esophageal perforation due to foreign bodies or aortic aneurysmal malformations. This case report introduces an elderly male patient who experienced hematemesis for longer than 16 h without obvious cause. The patient did not receive relief from endoscopic compression hemostasis. Through computed tomography angiography (CTA), a tortuous and thickened vessel was found in the descending aorta of the patient, which entered the esophagus. The diagnosis was AEF caused by vascular malformation. which has not been previously documented in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd12070262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T11:58:07Z","timestamp":1751975887000},"page":"262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Aorto-Esophageal Fistula Caused by Vascular Malformation: A Case Description and an Analysis of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wenzhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)37796-7","article-title":"Aorta-esophageal fistula induced by a foreign body: The first recorded survival","volume":"80","author":"Ctercteko","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. 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Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21366","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of 32 cases with aortoesophageal fistula due to esophageal foreign body","volume":"121","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481808400203","article-title":"Control of aortoesophageal fistula using endoscopicand endovascular techniques: A palliative intervention","volume":"84","author":"So","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-014-0452-4","article-title":"Therapeutic strategy for treating aortoesophageal fistulas","volume":"62","author":"Akashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gen. Thorac. Cardiovasc. 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