{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:04:47Z","timestamp":1787238287229,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondation Coeur\u2014Daniel Wagner, Fondation de Luxembourg"},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: Sinus tachycardia after heart transplantation (HTX) due to cardiac graft denervation is associated with reduced post-transplant survival and requires adequate treatment. We analyzed the long-term effects of heart rate control with ivabradine or metoprolol succinate in HTX recipients. Methods: This observational retrospective single-center study analyzed the ten-year results of 110 patients receiving ivabradine (n = 54) or metoprolol succinate (n = 56) after HTX. Analysis included comparison of demographics, medications, heart rates, blood pressure values, echocardiographic features, cardiac catheterization data, cardiac biomarkers, and post-transplant survival including causes of death. Results: Both groups showed no significant differences concerning demographics or medications (except for ivabradine and metoprolol succinate). At 10-year follow-up, HTX recipients with ivabradine showed a significantly lower heart rate (72.7 \u00b1 8.5 bpm) compared to baseline (88.8 \u00b1 7.6 bpm; p &lt; 0.001) and to metoprolol succinate (80.1 \u00b1 8.1 bpm; p &lt; 0.001), a significantly lower NT-proBNP level (588.4 \u00b1 461.4 pg\/mL) compared to baseline (3849.7 \u00b1 1960.0 pg\/mL; p &lt; 0.001) and to metoprolol succinate (1229.0 \u00b1 1098.6 pg\/mL; p = 0.005), a significantly lower overall mortality (20.4% versus 46.4%; p = 0.004), and mortality due to graft failure (1.9% versus 21.4%; p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a significantly decreased risk of death within 10 years after HTX in patients with post-transplant use of ivabradine (HR 0.374, CI 0.182\u20130.770; p = 0.008). Conclusions: In this single-center trial, patients with ivabradine revealed a significantly more pronounced heart rate reduction, a lower NT-proBNP level, and a superior 10-year survival after HTX.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd12080297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T13:11:11Z","timestamp":1754313071000},"page":"297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ten-Year Results of a Single-Center Trial Investigating Heart Rate Control with Ivabradine or Metoprolol Succinate in Patients After Heart Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4896-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice F.","family":"Darche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra C.","family":"Alt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1146-6319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasmus","family":"Rivinius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Helmschrott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Ehlermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann-Kathrin","family":"Rahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-008-0690-5","article-title":"Effects of Ivabradine on Allograft Function and Exercise Performance in Heart Transplant Recipients with Permanent Sinus Tachycardia","volume":"97","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. 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