{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:34:34Z","timestamp":1760060074053,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The influence of the initial ablation modality on pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection and substrate characteristics in redo procedures for recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. We assessed how different thermal strategies\u2014ablation index (AI)-guided radiofrequency (RF) versus cryoballoon (CB) ablation\u2014affect remapping findings during redo pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Methods: We included patients undergoing redo ablation between 2015 and 2024 with high-density electroanatomic mapping. Initial PVI modalities were retrospectively classified as low-power, long-duration (LPLD) RF; high-power, short-duration (HPSD) RF; or second-\/third-generation CB. Reconnection sites were mapped using multielectrode catheters. Redo PVI was performed using AI-guided RF. Segments showing PV reconnection were reisolated; if all PVs remained isolated and AF persisted, posterior wall isolation was performed. Results: Among 195 patients (LPLD: 63; HPSD: 30; CB: 102), complete PVI at redo was observed in 0% (LPLD), 23.3% (HPSD), and 10.1% (CB) (p &lt; 0.01 for LPLD vs. HPSD). Reconnection patterns varied by technique; LPLD primarily affected the right carina, while HPSD and CB showed reconnections at the LSPV ridge. Organized atrial tachycardia was least frequent after CB (12.7%, p &lt; 0.002). Conclusion: Initial ablation strategy significantly influences PV reconnection and post-PVI arrhythmia patterns, with implications for redo procedure planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd12080298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T13:11:11Z","timestamp":1754313071000},"page":"298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrophysiological Substrate and Pulmonary Vein Reconnection Patterns in Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation: Comparing Thermal Strategies in Patients Undergoing Redo Ablation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9175-4219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krisztian Istvan","family":"Kassa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gottsegen National Cardiovascular Center, 1096 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral College of Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adwity","family":"Shakya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoltan","family":"Som","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gottsegen National Cardiovascular Center, 1096 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Csaba","family":"Foldesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gottsegen National Cardiovascular Center, 1096 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Kardos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gottsegen National Cardiovascular Center, 1096 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809033391003","article-title":"Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins","volume":"339","author":"Shah","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. 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