{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:00:48Z","timestamp":1784304048592,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Beijing Municipal Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["BJZYYB-2023-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJZYYB-2023-22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) surgery offers advantages over off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB), including reduced trauma and faster recovery. However, differences in perioperative cardiac rehabilitation (CR) outcomes between MIDCAB and OPCAB remain unclear. This study compared perioperative clinical characteristics, surgical features, and CR outcomes in patients undergoing MIDCAB versus OPCAB. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis included 304 patients (31.2% MIDCAB, 68.8% OPCAB) who participated in a CR program, including the 6-min walk test (6MWT), from November 2023 to December 2024. Results: MIDCAB patients had shorter surgery times, fewer grafted vessels, shorter ventilator-assisted time, less total intraoperative fluid, less bleeding, and shorter postoperative hospital stays (all p &lt; 0.05). After cardiac rehabilitation, MIDCAB patients showed shorter time to 6MWT, longer six-minute walk distance (6MWD) (200 \u00b1 125 vs. 178 \u00b1 125 m), higher 6MWD relative to predicted values, and greater metabolic equivalents (all p &lt; 0.05). The median LVEF of MIDCAB patients was the same as that of OPCAB patients (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that MIDCAB patients exhibit superior exercise capacity following cardiac rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd12090331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T15:03:14Z","timestamp":1756393394000},"page":"331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcomes During the Perioperative Period After MIDCAB and OPCAB Surgery: A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1809-3431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e50644","article-title":"Updates in the Management of Coronary Artery Disease: A Review Article","volume":"15","author":"Bansal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa624","article-title":"The \u2018Ten Commandments\u2019 for the 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation","volume":"41","author":"Collet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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