{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:08:17Z","timestamp":1788188897780,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The serum apelin level in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and its relationship with ventricular tachycardia (VT) are not clearly known. This study aimed to investigate changes in serum apelin levels in patients with HFrEF and their relationship with VT. Method: This retrospective pilot study included 90 patients with 30 patients in each group: Group I: HFrEF with documented VT; Group II: HFrEF without VT; Group III: control group without HFrEF. In addition to routine parameters, apelin levels were measured. All parameters were compared between Group I\u2013II\u2013III. Parameters associated with VT were identified. Result: Apelin levels were found to be significantly lower in Group I\u2013II than in Group III. Serum glucose, creatinine, and left atrial diameter were shown to be significantly higher in Group I\u2013II than in Group III. HDL cholesterol and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) levels were significantly lower in Group I\u2013II compared with Group III. A positive and negative correlation was found between plasma apelin levels and LVEF and age, respectively. In logistic regression analysis, apelin levels and LVEF were found to independently determine VT (OR = 0.313, 95%CI: 0.124\u20130.788, p = 0.014 and OR = 0.912, 95%CI: 0.877\u20130.968, p &lt; 0.001). In the ROC analysis, the cut-off value for apelin was determined to be 0.80 ng\/mL, and it distinguished VT status in this sample with acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Discussion: According to the results of our study, apelin levels are significantly reduced in patients with HFrEF, and reduced apelin levels are associated with the presence of VT in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd13020079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T12:51:56Z","timestamp":1770209516000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Apelin Levels in HFrEF and Association with Sustained VT Detected by ICD Interrogation: A Retrospective Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5232-8466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah Eren","family":"Cetin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, 25 Aral\u0131k State Hospital, Gaziantep 27060, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-4651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa Lutfullah","family":"Ardic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana 01230, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0444-674X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadime","family":"Koca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cukurova State Hospital, Adana 01170, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7192-0280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilmi Erdem","family":"Sumbul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana 01230, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3000-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mevlut","family":"Koc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana 01230, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2017.04.008","article-title":"Structural Basis for Apelin Control of the Human Apelin Receptor","volume":"25","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"The Apelin-APJ System in the Evolution of Heart Failure","volume":"88","author":"Goidescu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clujul Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-018-1879-7","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Serum Apelin Level in Children with Heart Failure Secondary to Congenital Heart Disease","volume":"39","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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