{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:36:59Z","timestamp":1788305819735,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health-Ricerca Corrente"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atherogenic dyslipidemia is a condition characterized by high lipid levels that promote the development of atherosclerosis. While the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis typically manifest in adulthood, early vascular damage can be identified in children and adolescents. Dyslipidemia is not uncommon in childhood and adolescence, and its development depends on the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Forms caused by genetic defects tend to manifest earlier and usually require drug treatment. Forms caused by unhealthy lifestyles and eating habits tend to manifest later and often only require dietary and behavioural treatment. The review describes the most common primary forms, diagnostic criteria and treatment options, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, emphasizing the differences and specificities of dyslipidemia in children compared to adults. The review\u2019s objective is also to provide a clinically focused summary of the current evidence on atherogenic dyslipidemia in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd13020089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:25:49Z","timestamp":1770816349000},"page":"89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Atherogenic Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents: Current Evidence, Clinical Challenges, and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0360-0058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Giussani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20135 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5124-5361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Casula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni, Italy"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Service (SEFAP), Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonina","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20135 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Parati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20135 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4699-4149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simonetta","family":"Genovesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20135 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx144","article-title":"Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. 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