{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T05:06:11Z","timestamp":1775624771214,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Deltamethrin (DLM), a widely used pyrethroid insecticide, has been linked to cardiotoxic effects in non-target organisms. Hesperidin (HSP), a dietary bioflavonoid with antioxidant and cardioprotective properties, may counteract these effects. This study investigated the protective role of HSP against DLM-induced cardiotoxicity in male Wistar Albino rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: Control, DLM, DLM + HSP 100, and DLM + HSP 300. At the end of the experiment, serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL levels were analyzed. Cardiac and aortic tissues were assessed histopathologically. Masson\u2019s trichrome staining evaluated cardiac fibrosis, Verhoeff\u2013Van Gieson staining examined elastin and tunica media thickness, and caspase-3 expression in the aorta was determined immunohistochemically. Results: DLM administration caused cardiac and aortic damage by increasing IMA, glucose, caspase 3 activities, and tunica media thickness. HSP treatment, particularly at 300 mg\/kg, reduced IMA (0.28 \u00b1 0.02 vs. 0.60 \u00b1 0.03 AU), glucose (141.12 \u00b1 11.70 vs. 207.06 \u00b1 9.85 mg\/dL), cardiac histopathological damage score (2.17 \u00b1 0.41 vs. 9.02 \u00b1 1.35), tunica media thickness (95.29 \u00b1 4.29 vs. 114.95 \u00b1 17.20 \u00b5m), and caspase-3 expression score (0.62 \u00b1 0.74 vs. 2.87 \u00b1 0.35). All results showed significance at the p &lt; 0.05 level. Conclusions: HSP exhibited dose-dependent protective effects against DLM-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cardiovascular injury, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic candidate against pesticide-related cardiotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd13040159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T01:12:33Z","timestamp":1775437953000},"page":"159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective Role of Hesperidin Against Deltamethrin-Induced Cardiovascular Structural Damage: Involvement of Caspase-3-Driven Apoptosis and Fibrosis Suppression in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6461-8123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burcu","family":"G\u00fcltekin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4671-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halime Tuba","family":"Canbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences University, Istanbul 34668, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan Basri","family":"Sava\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin 47000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6khan","family":"C\u00fcce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabiha Serpil","family":"Kalkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1889","article-title":"Pesticides Classification and Its Impact on Environment","volume":"8","author":"Kaur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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