{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:13:47Z","timestamp":1788873227254,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis.","JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is an important complication of renal angiography in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS). We investigated the associations of the triglyceride\u2013glucose (TyG) index, atherogenic coefficient (AC) and lipoprotein combined index (LCI) with CA-AKI in this population. This retrospective single-center study included 147 consecutive patients with atherosclerotic RAS undergoing renal angiography with or without renal artery intervention. CA-AKI was defined using a creatinine-based definition based on serum creatinine changes within 48\u201372 h after contrast exposure. Continuous variables were retained in their continuous form in the primary logistic regression analyses, and separate multivariable models were constructed for the TyG index, AC, and LCI, each adjusted for chronic kidney disease (CKD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and contrast volume. Firth penalized logistic regression was performed as a sensitivity analysis. CA-AKI occurred in 22 patients (15.0%). In the adjusted model, a higher TyG index was associated with increased odds of CA-AKI (OR 4.263 per 1-unit increase, 95% CI 1.120\u201316.228; p = 0.034), whereas AC (OR 1.581, 95% CI 0.891\u20132.807; p = 0.118) and LCI (OR 1.047 per 10,000-unit increase, 95% CI 0.966\u20131.136; p = 0.264) were not significantly associated with CA-AKI. The association of the TyG index with CA-AKI remained significant in Firth penalized logistic regression (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.17\u201314.33; p = 0.020). Higher contrast volume and lower LVEF were consistently associated with CA-AKI across the multivariable models. These findings suggest that the TyG index is associated with susceptibility to CA-AKI in patients with atherosclerotic RAS, although prospective validation is required before clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd13090447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:51:48Z","timestamp":1788871908000},"page":"447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of the Triglyceride\u2013Glucose Index with Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0002-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ece","family":"Celebi Coskun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, 16310 Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5412-594X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmut","family":"Kapsiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, 16310 Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-025-02166-3","article-title":"Combination of medical therapy and percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty versus medical therapy alone for patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e013979","article-title":"Long Term Outcomes After Renal Revascularization for Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease in the ASTRAL Trial","volume":"17","author":"Green","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcae087","article-title":"Quality of life effects of renal artery stenting versus medical therapy for atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis: Results from the randomized CORAL trial","volume":"11","author":"Arnold","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Qual. Care Clin. Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e128","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000217","article-title":"Revascularization for Renovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"79","author":"Bhalla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2024.2395765","article-title":"Current updates in radiocontrast-associated acute kidney injury","volume":"37","author":"Mahgoub","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bayl. Univ. Med. Cent. Proc."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"489","article-title":"Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Definitions, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Implications","volume":"12","author":"Vemireddy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Interv. Cardiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandurino-Mirizzi, A., Munaf\u00f2, A., and Crimi, G. (2022). Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11082167"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, W.T., Liu, C.C., Huang, Y.T., Wu, J.-Y., Tsai, W.-W., Hung, K.C., Chen, I.W., and Feng, P.-H. (2023). Diagnostic efficacy of the triglyceride-glucose index in the prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy following percutaneous coronary intervention. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1282675"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00f6ner, S., Aktan, A., K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, R., G\u00fczel, H., Ta\u015ftan, E., Ok\u015ful, M., C\u00f6mert, A.D., Co\u015fkun, M.S., S\u00f6ner, H.T., and G\u00fczel, T. (2025). Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and contrast-induced nephropathy in chronic total occlusion patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04474-5"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, C., Zhan, Q., Xu, Q., Peng, F., Wen, Y., Tian, N., Wang, X., Feng, X., Wu, X., and Wu, J. (2026). Association between lipoprotein combined index and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: A multicenter retrospective cohort study. Front. Nutr., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1768195"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.37616\/2212-5043.1266","article-title":"The Effect of Untraditional Lipid Parameters in the Development of Coronary Artery Disease: Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Atherogenic Coefficient and Lipoprotein Combined Index","volume":"33","author":"Karadem","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Saudi Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c179","DOI":"10.1159\/000339789","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury","volume":"120","author":"Khwaja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephron Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2018.18172","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity of gadolinium-based contrast in the setting of renal artery intervention: Retrospective analysis with 10-year follow-up","volume":"24","author":"Takahashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagn. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1393","article-title":"A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention: Development and initial validation","volume":"44","author":"Mehran","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.06.115","article-title":"Pathophysiology of contrast-induced nephropathy","volume":"158","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gounden, V., Devaraj, S., and Jialal, I. (2024). The role of the triglyceride-glucose index as a biomarker of cardio-metabolic syndromes. Lipids Health Dis., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02412-6"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, M., Chu, K., Wu, C., Wang, H., Li, A., Guo, J., Sun, A., Gu, X., Fan, Y., and Tan, Z. (2026). Association between triglyceride glucose index and risk of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Endocrinol., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1759218"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.04.043","article-title":"Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing complex percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"290","author":"Azzalini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kusirisin, P., Chattipakorn, S.C., and Chattipakorn, N. (2020). Contrast-induced nephropathy and oxidative stress: Mechanistic insights for better interventional approaches. J. Transl. Med., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02574-8"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zebrauskaite, A., Ziubryte, G., Mackus, L., Lieponyte, A., Kairyte, E., Unikas, R., and Jarusevicius, G. (2023). A Simple Strategy to Reduce Contrast Media Use and Risk of Contrast-Induced Renal Injury during PCI: Introduction of an \u201cOptimal Contrast Volume Protocol\u201d to Daily Clinical Practice. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10090402"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, J., Dai, W., Ye, C., Yao, Q., Zhou, M., and Li, Y. (2021). Preprocedural Lp(a) level and ApoB\/ApoA-\u0399 ratio and the risk for contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing emergency PCI. Lipids Health Dis., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-021-01535-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3425\/13\/9\/447\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:05:32Z","timestamp":1788872732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3425\/13\/9\/447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcdd13090447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcdd13090447","relation":{},"ISSN":["2308-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2308-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]}}}