{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T05:04:45Z","timestamp":1789275885999,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022YFA0806401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA0806401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["L2606022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2606022"]}]},{"name":"\u201cQingmiao\u201d Plan Program of Beijing Municipal Hospital Administration","award":["G202522117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G202522117"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis.","JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR) is a key driver in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. Dyslipidemia, particularly elevated remnant cholesterol (RC), is also strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk and has been recognized as a highly atherogenic lipid marker. Although systemic IR is known to be linked to dyslipidemia and elevated RC, the specific relationship between Adipo-IR and RC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between Adipo-IR and RC as well as its consistency across different subgroups. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 6299 Chinese subjects. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between Adipo-IR quartiles and elevated calculated RC levels. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) and a two-piecewise model were employed to characterize the dose\u2013response relationship. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Results: Participants in higher Adipo-IR quartiles exhibited a significantly increased risk of elevated RC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) (all p for trend &lt;0.001). After full adjustment, the odds ratios (95% CI) for the highest versus lowest Adipo-IR quartile were 1.90 (1.58\u20132.29) for RC, 1.76 (1.47\u20132.12) for LDL-C, and 4.74 (3.85\u20135.86) for TG. RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear increasing relationship between Adipo-IR and RC (p for nonlinearity &lt;0.001). An estimated inflection point was identified at an Adipo-IR value of 44.85, with a significant positive association below this point (OR = 1.020, p &lt; 0.001) but not above it (OR = 0.997, p = 0.248). This positive association was generally consistent across age, sex, and BMI subgroups, and interaction tests were not statistically significant except for the Q3 comparison by sex. Conclusions: Adipo-IR showed a nonlinear association with elevated calculated RC, with a positive association below the estimated inflection point of 44.85 in this cohort of Chinese adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd13090459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:17:42Z","timestamp":1789114662000},"page":"459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Nonlinear Association Between Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance and Remnant Cholesterol in Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ruixiang","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Honglin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mengge","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9660-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0395","article-title":"Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ","volume":"89","author":"Kershaw","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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