{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:58:29Z","timestamp":1792180709173,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis.","JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) provokes intense oxidative stress. Serum thiol\u2013disulfide and intracellular glutathione balances reflect oxidative status in different compartments and are rarely measured together. We compared both axes between patients with STEMI and chest-pain controls without chronic disease and examined their relation to infarct severity. Methods: In this prospective single-center case\u2013control study, both axes were measured with automated assays in 90 patients with STEMI and 79 controls. Blood was drawn at first contact, before any drug and before reperfusion. Groups were compared with Welch t or Mann\u2013Whitney U tests, with effect sizes, 95% CIs, and Benjamini\u2013Hochberg correction. Results: All 10 markers differed between groups (adjusted p &lt; 0.001). Patients had lower native thiol (315.0 (69.6) vs. 407.4 (63.3) \u00b5mol\/L; Hedges\u2019 g = \u22121.38) and higher disulfide (22.4 (6.8) vs. 16.9 (6.4) \u00b5mol\/L; g = 0.82). Reduced glutathione was lower (733.2 (87.9) vs. 869.8 (83.7) \u00b5mol\/L; g = \u22121.58) and oxidized glutathione higher, raising the GSSG\/GSH ratio (median 0.074 vs. 0.030; r = 0.72). Differences persisted after adjustment for age and sex and within each sex. Within STEMI, marker\u2013severity correlations were weak, and none survived correction. Conclusions: Both redox systems shift toward oxidation in STEMI. These markers were not graded indices of infarct severity, and no diagnostic or prognostic use is claimed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd13090466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:58:59Z","timestamp":1789545539000},"page":"466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Thiol\u2013Disulfide Homeostasis and Erythrocyte Glutathione Balance in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8722-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faruk","family":"Dan\u0131\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant \u0130zzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0434-3206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Al\u0131\u015f\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant \u0130zzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e618","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000617","article-title":"Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018)","volume":"138","author":"Thygesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191","article-title":"2023 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes","volume":"44","author":"Byrne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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