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New insights into disease mechanisms and strategies for treatment and prevention are urgently needed. Truncating variants in the TTN gene, which encodes the giant sarcomeric protein titin (TTNtv), are the most common genetic cause of DCM, but exactly how TTNtv promote cardiomyocyte dysfunction is not known. Although rodent models have been widely used to investigate titin biology, they have had limited utility for TTNtv-related DCM. In recent years, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a powerful alternative model system for studying titin function in the healthy and diseased heart. Optically transparent embryonic zebrafish models have demonstrated key roles of titin in sarcomere assembly and cardiac development. The increasing availability of sophisticated imaging tools for assessment of heart function in adult zebrafish has revolutionized the field and opened new opportunities for modelling human genetic disorders. Genetically modified zebrafish that carry a human A-band TTNtv have now been generated and shown to spontaneously develop DCM with age. This zebrafish model will be a valuable resource for elucidating the phenotype modifying effects of genetic and environmental factors, and for exploring new drug therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd8020010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T21:47:52Z","timestamp":1611611272000},"page":"10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mechanisms of TTNtv-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Insights from Zebrafish Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Celine F.","family":"Santiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia"},{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inken G.","family":"Huttner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia"},{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9010-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane","family":"Fatkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia"},{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.105","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy: The complexity of a diverse genetic architecture","volume":"10","author":"Hershberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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