{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:47:16Z","timestamp":1791384436367,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,12]],"date-time":"2021-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Optimal heart rate (HR) that associates with higher cardiac output and greater clinical outcomes in patients with cardiac amyloidosis remains unknown. Methods: Consecutive patients with sinus rhythm who were diagnosed with cardiac amyloidosis at our institute between February 2015 and February 2021 were retrospectively included. Ideal HR, at which E-wave and A-wave stand adjacent without any overlaps in the trans-mitral flow echocardiography, was calculated by the formula: 86.8\u22120.08 \u00d7 deceleration time (msec). The association between optimal HR and cardiac death or heart failure readmission was investigated. Results: Ten patients (median 74 years old, 8 men) were included. On median, actual HR was 64 bpm and ideal HR was 69 bpm. An incidence rate of the primary endpoint in the sub-optimal HR group tended to be higher than optimal HR group: one of the four patients in optimal HR group had events (25%); two of the two patients in higher HR group had events (100%); two of the four patients in lower HR group had events (50%). Conclusions: The optimal HR was associated with greater clinical outcomes in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. The clinical impact of aggressive HR optimization in this cohort remains the next concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd8120182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T01:28:11Z","timestamp":1639358891000},"page":"182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimal Heart Rate and Prognosis in Patients with Cardiac Amyloidosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2703-2523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihide","family":"Izumida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-7637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teruhiko","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9604-5603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makiko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Kinugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038169","article-title":"Natural History, Quality of Life, and Outcome in Cardiac Transthyretin Amyloidosis","volume":"140","author":"Lane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041015","article-title":"The Truth Is Unfolding About Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis","volume":"140","author":"Grodin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1461","article-title":"Heart failure in cardiomyopathies: A position paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"21","author":"Polovina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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