{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:12:09Z","timestamp":1793059929997,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: Non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) is characterized by left ventricular (LV) chamber enlargement and systolic dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery disease. Left ventricular reverse remodelling (LVRR) is the ability of a dilated ventricle to restore its normal size, shape and function. We sought to determine the frequency, clinical predictors and prognostic implications of LVRR, in a cohort of heart failure (HF) patients with NIDCM. Methods: We conducted a multicentre observational, retrospective cohort study of patients with NIDCM, with prospective serial echocardiography evaluations. LVRR was defined as an increase of \u226515% in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or as a LVEF increase \u2265 10% plus reduction of LV end-systolic diameter index \u2265 20%. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify the baseline clinical predictors of LVRR and evaluate the prognostic impact of LVRR. Results: LVRR was achieved in 42.5% of 527 patients with NIDCM during the first year of follow-up (median LVEF 49%, median change +22%), Alcoholic aetiology, HF duration, baseline LVEF and the absence of LBBB (plus NT-proBNP levels when in the model), were the strongest predictors of LVRR. During a median follow-up of 47 months, 134 patients died (25.4%) and 7 patients (1.3%) received a heart transplant. Patients with LVRR presented better outcomes, regardless of other clinical conditions. Conclusions: In patients with NIDCM, LVRR was frequent and was associated with improved prognosis. Major clinical predictors of LVRR were alcoholic cardiomyopathy, absence of LBBB, shorter HF duration, and lower baseline LVEF and NT-proBNP levels. Our study advocates for clinical phenotyping of non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy and intense gold-standard treatment optimization of patients according to current guidelines and recommendations in specialized HF units.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T14:05:07Z","timestamp":1641909907000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical Determinants and Prognosis of Left Ventricular Reverse Remodelling in Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3734-4777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carles","family":"D\u00edez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2171-8508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Salazar-Mendiguch\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4090-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Garc\u00eda-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5601-9611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Lup\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERCV (CB16\/11\/00403), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Bay\u00e9s-Genis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERCV (CB16\/11\/00403), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Manito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"de Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERCV (CB16\/11\/00403), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5511-8597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Moliner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Community Heart Failure Program, Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERCV (CB16\/11\/00403), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Catal\u00e1-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Ca\u00ednzos-Achirica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21093, USA"},{"name":"RTI Health Solutions, Pharmacoepidemiology and Risk Management, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8780-720X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Com\u00edn-Colet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Community Heart Failure Program, Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7437-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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