{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:09:25Z","timestamp":1760238565596,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a syndrome with ambiguous pathophysiology. Impaired kidney function (KF) seems to impact the outcome of patients with TTS. We hypothesized that KF worsens the outcome among TTS patients and furthermore, TTS patients with concomitant KF experience more adverse events compared to myocardial infarction (MI) patients with concomitant KF. Methods and Results: This retrospective single-center study comprised two groups (cohorts) of patients including patients with TTS and concomitant KF (n = 61, 27.1%) and patients with MI and concomitant KF (n = 164, 72.9%). The clinical outcomes were delineated as short-term outcomes defined as in-hospital adverse events during index hospitalization and long-term outcomes defined as adverse events over five-year clinical follow-ups. All-cause mortality, stroke, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), life-threatening arrhythmias, need for respiratory support, and cardiogenic shock with subsequent use of inotropic agents during index hospitalization were denoted as in-hospital adverse events. All-cause mortality, rehospitalization due to heart failure, stroke, thromboembolic events, and the recurrence of primary pathology (TTS and MI) were analyzed during five-year follow-ups after index hospitalization. A higher mortality rate was noted among TTS patients with KF compared to TTS without KF. In addition, in-hospital event rates in patients with TTS and concomitant KF compared to MI and concomitant KF were comparable with the exception of a higher rate of respiratory support in TTS patients. The mortality rate was significantly higher among patients with TTS and KF at 4 years (29.5% vs. 15.9%, p = 0.02) and 5 years (34.4% vs. 20.7%, p = 0.03) in comparison to patients with MI and concomitant KF. In contrast, the rate of re-hospitalization related to heart failure was higher at 30 days, and at one-, four-, and five-year follow-ups in patients suffering from MI and KF compared to TTS and concomitant KF. Additionally, the recurrence of MI after 4 and 5 years was higher than the recurrence of TTS (4.9% vs. 15.2%; 4.9% vs. 16.5%). There were no differences in life-threatening arrhythmias and stroke in both groups. Conclusions: Patients with TTS and concomitant KF have higher all-cause mortality when compared to MI and concomitant KF. The mechanisms responsible remain to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9060186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T02:25:33Z","timestamp":1654827933000},"page":"186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Kidney Failure among Patients with Takotsubo Syndrome or Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Verena","family":"Bill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Wiesbaden Hospital, 65189 Wiesbaden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"El-Battrawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergmannsheil Bochum, Medical Clinic II, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ruhr University, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"Kummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"M\u00fcgge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergmannsheil Bochum, Medical Clinic II, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ruhr University, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8134-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assem","family":"Aweimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergmannsheil Bochum, Medical Clinic II, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ruhr University, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5970-0093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Behnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Akin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine Cardiology, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.05.070","article-title":"Transient left ventricular apical ballooning: A novel heart syndrome","volume":"102","author":"Korlakunta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.07.155","article-title":"Transient mid-ventricular dyskinesia: A variant of Takotsubo syndrome","volume":"129","author":"Fazio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.04.072","article-title":"Incidence and Clinical Impact of Right Ventricular Involvement (Biventricular Ballooning) in Takotsubo Syndrome: Results from the GEIST Registry","volume":"160","author":"Santoro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1406761","article-title":"Clinical Features and Outcomes of Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy","volume":"373","author":"Templin","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.05.060","article-title":"Transient mid-ventricular ballooning cardiomyopathy: A new entity of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy","volume":"110","author":"Yasu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01316-X","article-title":"Transient left ventricular apical ballooning without coronary artery stenosis: A novel heart syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction. Angina Pectoris-Myocardial Infarction Investigations in Japan","volume":"38","author":"Tsuchihashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"203","article-title":"Myocardial stunning due to simultaneous multivessel coronary spasms: A review of 5 cases","volume":"21","author":"Dote","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043046","article-title":"Neurohumoral features of myocardial stunning due to sudden emotional stress","volume":"352","author":"Wittstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13189","article-title":"Abnormal thyroid function is common in takotsubo syndrome and depends on two distinct mechanisms: Results of a multicentre observational study","volume":"289","author":"Aweimer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"101","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in takotsubo syndrome","volume":"234","author":"Borggrefe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.07.797","article-title":"Hormone Status Correlates With Incidence of Heart Failure","volume":"70","author":"Borggrefe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.2217\/fca-2020-0224","article-title":"The current evidence of Takotsubo syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Borggrefe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.240","article-title":"Characteristics and long-term outcome of right ventricular involvement in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy","volume":"220","author":"Becher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw293","article-title":"Impact of concomitant atrial fibrillation on the prognosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy","volume":"19","author":"Lang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"843","article-title":"Prevalence of malignant arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in takotsubo syndrome and its management","volume":"20","author":"Lang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2010.06.667","article-title":"Long-term outcome of Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy","volume":"19","author":"Ionescu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2016.03.009","article-title":"Prognosis in Patients With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy","volume":"4","author":"Stiermaier","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e014059","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014059","article-title":"Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on Outcome in Takotsubo Syndrome: Data from the International Takotsubo Registry","volume":"10","author":"Cammann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-019-09856-4","article-title":"Prevalence, management, and outcome of adverse rhythm disorders in takotsubo syndrome: Insights from the international multicenter GEIST registry","volume":"25","author":"Santoro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"117","article-title":"Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Patients with Thromboembolic Events in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy","volume":"10","author":"Behnes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Insights Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz170","article-title":"Cardiac Arrest in Takotsubo Syndrome: Results from the InterTAK Registry","volume":"40","author":"Gili","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12357","article-title":"Short-term and long-term incidence of stroke in Takotsubo syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Gietzen","year":"2018","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872617715019","article-title":"Renal dysfunction indicative of outcomes in hospitalized patients with takotsubo syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Ando","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319717718978","article-title":"Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: Another Form of Cardiorenal Syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Bill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.11.046","article-title":"Incidence and relevance of acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"111","author":"Marenzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-010-3339-x","article-title":"Proposed Mayo Clinic criteria for the diagnosis of Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy and long-term prognosis","volume":"35","author":"Madhavan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010881","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010881","article-title":"Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With Malignancy and Takotsubo Syndrome: Observations from the International Takotsubo Registry","volume":"8","author":"Cammann","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654.e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.01.016","article-title":"Comorbidities frequency in Takotsubo syndrome: An international collaborative systematic review including 1109 patients","volume":"128","author":"Pelliccia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2016.06.1204","article-title":"Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Due to Systemic Absorption of Intraocular Phenylephrine","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa575","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation","volume":"42","author":"Collet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","article-title":"2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"39","author":"Ibanez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.027121","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Takotsubo Syndrome","volume":"135","author":"Pelliccia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.424","article-title":"Current state of knowledge on Takotsubo syndrome: A Position Statement from the Taskforce on Takotsubo Syndrome of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"18","author":"Lyon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2016217364","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-217364","article-title":"Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with use of salbutamol nebulisation and aminophylline infusion in a patient with acute asthma exacerbation","volume":"2016","author":"Khwaja","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12729","article-title":"Takotsubo syndrome caused by subconjunctival injection of a mydricaine analogue","volume":"44","author":"Rasiah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.12.044","article-title":"Full recovery of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (apical ballooning) in two days","volume":"143","author":"Eitel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab008","article-title":"Alpha 1-adrenoceptor signalling contributes to toxic effects of catecholamine on electrical properties in cardiomyocytes","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2012.07.004","article-title":"Acute effects of beta-blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity on stress-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats","volume":"60","author":"Ishikura","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.12.124","article-title":"Combined therapy with beta-blockers and ACE-inhibitors\/angiotensin receptor blockers and recurrence of Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy: A meta-regression study","volume":"230","author":"Brunetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3425\/9\/6\/186\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:26:53Z","timestamp":1760138813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3425\/9\/6\/186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jcdd9060186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcdd9060186","relation":{},"ISSN":["2308-3425"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2308-3425"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]}}}