{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:51:10Z","timestamp":1790639470497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined whether adding robot-supported balance exercises to cardiac rehabilitation improves the ability to balance in older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a prospective study in 52 older adults who had been hospitalized for worsening CVD. Once weekly for four months, for a total of sixteen sessions as outpatients, the subjects used a Balance Exercise Assist Robot (BEAR) to perform balance exercises and an ergometer for aerobic exercises. Participants\u2019 mean age was 76.9 \u00b1 6.8 years (range, 65\u201395 years), and their mean brain natriuretic protein level was 164.0 \u00b1 190.0 pg\/mL. After the intervention, participants showed significant improvements in gait speed (before, 1.06 \u00b1 0.33 m\/s; after, 1.23 \u00b1 0.30 m\/s; p &lt; 0.001), Short Physical Performance Battery score (before, 10.02 \u00b1 2.25; after, 10.88 \u00b1 1.79; p \u02c2 0.001), timed up-and-go (before, 11.11 \u00b1 5.07 s; after, 9.45 \u00b1 3.45 s; p \u02c2 0.001), and knee extension (before, 26.97 \u00b1 11.78 kgf; after, 30.13 \u00b1 13.04 kgf; p = 0.001). Cardiac rehabilitation including exercises using BEAR improved physical functioning and the ability to balance in older adults with CVD. Frail and prefrail patients improved, whereas robust ones did not change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9060191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T09:26:48Z","timestamp":1655026008000},"page":"191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Benefits of a Balance Exercise Assist Robot in the Cardiac Rehabilitation of Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8555-0711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kakeru","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1123-1782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihiro","family":"Hirashiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5089-1951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koki","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6936-0221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junpei","family":"Sugioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunya","family":"Tanioku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikue","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Nomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Kokubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuya","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. 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