{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T12:13:03Z","timestamp":1785845583334,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myocarditis is characterized by various clinical manifestations, with ventricular arrhythmia (VA) as a frequent symptom at initial presentation. Here, we investigated characteristics and prognostic relevance of VA in patients with myocarditis. The study population consisted of 76 patients with myocarditis, verified by biopsy and\/or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, including 38 consecutive patients with VA (45 \u00b1 3 years, 68% male) vs. 38 patients without VA (NVA) (38 \u00b1 2 years, 84% male) serving as a control group. VA was monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in 55% of patients, premature ventricular complexes in 50% and ventricular fibrillation in 29%. The left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline was 47 \u00b1 2% vs. 40 \u00b1 3% in VA vs. NVA patients (p = 0.069). CMR showed late gadolinium enhancement more often in VA patients (94% vs. 69%; p = 0.016), incorporating 17.6 \u00b1 1.8% vs. 8.2 \u00b1 1.3% of myocardial mass (p &lt; 0.001). Radiofrequency catheter ablation for VA was initially performed in nine (24%) patients, of whom five remained free from any recurrence over 24 \u00b1 3 months. Taken together, in patients with myocarditis, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction does not predict VA occurrence but CMR shows late gadolinium enhancement more frequently and to a larger extent in VA than in NVA patients, potentially guiding catheter ablation as a reasonable treatment of VA in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9080243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T02:06:42Z","timestamp":1659319602000},"page":"243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characteristics and Prognostic Relevance of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Patients with Myocarditis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9163-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann-Kathrin","family":"Kahle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine, EVK D\u00fcsseldorf, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium, Kirchfeldstrasse 40, 40217 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 1, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekka","family":"G\u00fcde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana M.","family":"Schwarzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4104-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"M\u00fcnkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck, Potsdamer Strasse 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruken \u00d6.","family":"Akbulak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Asklepios Hospital St. Georg, Lohm\u00fchlenstrasse 5, 20099 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Jahnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Bohnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Asklepios Hospital St. Georg, Lohm\u00fchlenstrasse 5, 20099 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4831-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tilman","family":"W\u00fcrger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schwarzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck, Potsdamer Strasse 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Asklepios Hospital St. Georg, Lohm\u00fchlenstrasse 5, 20099 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf K.","family":"Radunski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Regio Clinics, Agnes-Karll-Allee 17, 25337 Elmshorn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine, EVK D\u00fcsseldorf, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium, Kirchfeldstrasse 40, 40217 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 1, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.08.014","article-title":"Incidence of abnormal positron emission tomography in patients with unexplained cardiomyopathy and ventricular arrhythmias: The potential role of occult inflammation 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