{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T06:18:11Z","timestamp":1762064291684,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]],"date-time":"2022-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"SLOVENIAN RESEARCH AGENCY","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P3-0308","20180022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0308","20180022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University Medical Centre Ljubljana","award":["P3-0308","20180022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0308","20180022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with advanced heart failure (HF) have reduced cardiac output and impaired peripheral blood flow, which diminishes endothelial shear stress and consequently flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). The aim of our study was to find out whether endothelial dysfunction is associated with the number of CD34+ cells and TNF-\u03b1 levels in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic HF after stimulation with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). We included 56 patients with advanced HF (LVEF &lt; 35%). Eighteen patients (32.14%) had ischemic and 38 (67.86%) patients had non-ischemic HF. FMD of the brachial artery was performed before the patients underwent 5-day bone marrow stimulation with daily subcutaneous injections of G-CSF (5 \u03bcg\/kg bid). On the fifth day peripheral blood CD34+ cell count was measured. No statistically significant differences were found between the patient groups in NT-proBNP levels ((1575 (425\u20132439) vs. 1273 (225\u20132239)) pg\/mL; p = 0.40), peripheral blood CD34+ cell count ((67.54 \u00b1 102.32 vs. 89.76 \u00b1 71.21) \u00d7 106; p = 0.32), TNF-\u03b1 ((8.72 \u00b1 10.30 vs. 4.96 \u00b1 6.16) ng\/mL; p = 0.13) and FMD (6.7 \u00b1 5.4 vs. 7.2 \u00b1 5.9%; p = 0.76). In a linear regression model, only FMD (p = 0.001) and TNF-\u03b1 (p = 0.003) emerged as statistically significant predictors of CD34+ cells counts. Our study suggests that TNF-\u03b1 is a good predictor of impaired endothelial function and of CD34+ cells mobilization after G-CSF stimulation in patients with advanced HF of ischemic and non-ischemic origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9080281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T23:51:01Z","timestamp":1661125861000},"page":"281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["TNF-\u03b1 Predicts Endothelial Function and Number of CD34+ Cells after Stimulation with G-CSF in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sabina","family":"Ugov\u0161ek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreja","family":"Rehberger Likozar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjo","family":"Finderle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1777-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Poglajen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Okraj\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bojan","family":"Vrtovec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9907-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miran","family":"\u0160ebe\u0161tjen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3378","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.10.3378","article-title":"Endothelium-dependent dilatation is impaired in young healthy subjects with a family history of premature coronary disease","volume":"96","author":"Clarkson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00209-5","article-title":"Coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with acute-onset idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"32","author":"Mathier","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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