{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T11:28:30Z","timestamp":1763810910840,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award":["JP 19K19884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 19K19884"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) are included in the outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), the relationship between IADL frequency at the end of CR and outcomes between the sexes remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the differences in frequency of IADL between the sexes and its impact on the outcomes. We retrospectively investigated 490 consecutive patients who were admitted for heart failure (HF) and participated in CR post-discharge. IADL frequency was assessed using the questionnaire-based Frenchay Activities Index (FAI). The primary endpoint was all-cause death, and the secondary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death and readmission due to HF. The cut-off values of the FAI for all-cause death in the overall cohort, females, and males were 23, 22, and 23 points, respectively. After adjusting for several factors, IADL assessed using the FAI was independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.961, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.937\u20130.986) and combined events (HR: 0.968, 95% CI: 0.952\u20130.985), respectively. Additionally, there was no interaction between sex and all-cause mortality. In conclusion, higher IADL frequency after CR was associated with favourable outcomes in patients with HF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9090289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T01:50:51Z","timestamp":1661997051000},"page":"289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sex Differences in Frequency of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living after Cardiac Rehabilitation and Its Impact on Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kohei","family":"Nozaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0375, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Hamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0375, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7706-9511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kentaro","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4141-2506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidenori","family":"Kariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0375, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Maekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0190-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsuhiko","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3890-3777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minako","family":"Yamaoka-Tojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Ako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.053","article-title":"The global health and economic burden of hospitalizations for heart failure: Lessons learned from hospitalized heart failure registries","volume":"63","author":"Ambrosy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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