{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:13Z","timestamp":1787028613934,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]],"date-time":"2020-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the pathophysiology of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) remains incompletely understood, many treatment options have recently become available. According to an international workshop report, treatment selection for MGD should be based on a comprehensive stage classification dependent on ocular symptoms, lid margin abnormalities, meibum grade, and ocular surface staining. However, it is often difficult to evaluate all parameters required for such classification in routine clinical practice. We have now retrospectively evaluated therapeutic efficacy in MGD patients who received five types of treatment in the clinic setting: (1) meibocare (application of a warm compress and practice of lid hygiene), (2) meibum expression plus meibocare, (3) azithromycin eyedrops plus meibocare, (4) thermal pulsation therapy plus meibocare, or (5) intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy plus meibocare. Patients in each treatment group were classified into three subsets according to the meiboscore determined by noncontact meibography at baseline. Eyes in the IPL group showed improvement even if the meiboscore was high (5 or 6), whereas meibocare tended to be effective only if the meiboscore was low (1 or 2). The meiboscore may thus serve to guide selection of the most appropriate treatment in MGD patients. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10010065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]],"date-time":"2020-12-27T20:04:58Z","timestamp":1609099498000},"page":"65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Proposed Algorithm for Management of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Based on Noninvasive Meibography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Reiko","family":"Arita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, 626-11 Minami-Nakano, Minumaku, Saitama 337-0042, Japan"},{"name":"Lid and Meibomian Gland Working Group (LIME), Tokyo 112-0006, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8453-6061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shima","family":"Fukuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lid and Meibomian Gland Working Group (LIME), Tokyo 112-0006, Japan"},{"name":"Omiya Hamada Eye Clinic, 1-169-1, Sakuragicho, Omiyaku, Saitama 330-0854, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoko","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lid and Meibomian Gland Working Group (LIME), Tokyo 112-0006, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318225415a","article-title":"Distribution of aqueous-deficient and evaporative dry eye in a clinic-based patient cohort: A retrospective study","volume":"31","author":"Lemp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997e","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: Report of the subcommittee on the epidemiology of, and associated risk factors for, MGD","volume":"52","author":"Schaumberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. 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