{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:27:47Z","timestamp":1788474467566,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"regional agreement on clinical research\t between Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet, and between Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Sweden.","award":["ALF 2020-0443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALF 2020-0443"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preterm birth has been associated with altered cardiac phenotype in adults. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that children surviving extremely preterm birth have important structural or functional changes of the right heart or pulmonary circulation. We also examined relations between birth size, gestational age, neonatal diagnoses of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with cardiac outcomes. We assessed a population-based cohort of children born in Sweden before 27 weeks of gestation with echocardiography at 6.5 years of age (n = 176). Each preterm child was matched to a healthy control child born at term. Children born preterm had significantly smaller right atria, right ventricles with smaller widths, higher relative wall thickness and higher estimated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) than controls. In preterm children, PVR and right ventricular myocardial performance index (RVmpi\u2019) were significantly higher in those with a PDA as neonates than in those without PDA, but no such associations were found with BPD. In conclusion, children born extremely preterm exhibit higher estimated PVR, altered right heart structure and function compared with children born at term.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10010122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T10:10:37Z","timestamp":1609409437000},"page":"122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Right Heart Structure, Geometry and Function Assessed by Echocardiography in 6-Year-Old Children Born Extremely Preterm\u2014A Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5742-411X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilly-Ann","family":"Mohlkert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sachs\u2019 Children and Youth Hospital, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Hallberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sachs\u2019 Children and Youth Hospital, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"Broberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lund University, and Pediatric Heart Center, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Sj\u00f6berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Rydberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petru","family":"Liuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lund University, and Pediatric Heart Center, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineta","family":"Fellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Pediatrics, Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Domell\u00f6f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neonatal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Pegelow Halvorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sachs\u2019 Children and Youth Hospital, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000705","article-title":"Outcomes for extremely premature infants","volume":"120","author":"Glass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth. 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