{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:46:55Z","timestamp":1785545215392,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF) and has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality risk. In addition, CSA is associated with impaired quality of life, reduced physical performance capacity, and hypoxemia. Phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) is a novel approach to the treatment of CSA and has been shown to be safe and effective in this indication. However, there are currently no data on the effects of PNS on physical performance and hypoxia in CSA HF patients, both of which have been shown to be linked to mortality in HF. Methods: This prospective study enrolled patients with HF and CSA diagnosed using polysomnography. All were implanted with a PNS system (remed\u0113\u00ae system, Respicardia Inc., Minnetonka, MN, USA) for the treatment of CSA. Examinations included polysomnography (to determine hypoxemic burden), echocardiography and a standardized 6-min walk test prior to device implantation (baseline) and after 6 months of follow-up. Results: A total of 24 patients were enrolled (mean age 67.1 \u00b1 11.2 years, 88% male). The 6-min walk distance was 369.5 \u00b1 163.5 m at baseline and significantly improved during follow-up (to 410 \u00b1 169.7 m; p = 0.035). Hypoxemic burden, determined based on time with oxygen saturation &lt; 90% improved from 81 \u00b1 55.8 min at baseline to 27.9 \u00b1 42.8 min during PNS therapy (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: In addition to safely and effectively treating CSA, PNS is also associated with improved physical performance capacity and reduced hypoxemic burden in patients with HF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T19:55:56Z","timestamp":1610308556000},"page":"202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Phrenic Nerve Stimulation Improves Physical Performance and Hypoxemia in Heart Failure Patients with Central Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Max","family":"Potratz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology\/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0490-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Sohns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Dumitrescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology\/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"},{"name":"Heart Failure Department, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3037-8704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2187-8715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Department, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-018-1269-4","article-title":"Characteristics and circadian distribution of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with heart failure and sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"107","author":"Omran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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