{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:41:18Z","timestamp":1791484878890,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Favipiravir (FPV) is a novel antiviral drug acting as a competitive inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), preventing viral transcription and replication. FPV was approved in Japan in 2014 for therapy of influenza unresponsive to standard antiviral therapies. FPV was also used in the therapy of Ebola virus disease (EVD) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic parameters, toxicity, and adverse effects of FPV, as well as clinical studies evaluating the use of FPV in the therapy of influenza virus (IV) infection, EVD, and SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with its effectiveness in treating other human RNA infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T11:52:32Z","timestamp":1610538752000},"page":"273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Favipiravir in Therapy of Viral Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0879-3880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryta","family":"\u0141agocka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violetta","family":"Dziedziejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"K\u0142os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6557-1208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.3.981-986.2005","article-title":"Mechanism of action of T-705 against influenza virus","volume":"49","author":"Furuta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.09.015","article-title":"Favipiravir (T-705), a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor","volume":"100","author":"Furuta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2020, November 12). Report on the Deliberation Results March 4, 2014 Evaluation and Licensing Division, Pharmaceutical and Food Safety Bureau Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Available online: https:\/\/www.pmda.go.jp\/files\/000210319.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.93.027","article-title":"Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase","volume":"93","author":"Furuta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, Z., Smith, L.K., Rajwanshi, V.K., Kim, B., and Deval, J. (2013). The Ambiguous Base-Pairing and High Substrate Efficiency of T-705 (Favipiravir) Ribofuranosyl 5\u2032-Triphosphate towards Influenza A Virus Polymerase. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068347"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5202","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00649-13","article-title":"Mechanism of action of T-705 ribosyl triphosphate against influenza virus RNA polymerase","volume":"57","author":"Sangawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02346-12","article-title":"T-705 (favipiravir) induces lethal mutagenesis in influenza A H1N1 viruses in vitro","volume":"87","author":"Baranovich","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03679","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03679","article-title":"Favipiravir elicits antiviral mutagenesis during virus replication in vivo","volume":"3","author":"Arias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Avila, A.I., Gallego, I., Soria, M.E., Gregori, J., Quer, J., Esteban, J.I., Rice, C.M., Domingo, E., and Perales, C. (2016). Lethal mutagenesis of hepatitis C virus induced by favipiravir. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164691"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2017.03.014","article-title":"Favipiravir can evoke lethal mutagenesis and extinction of foot-and-mouth disease virus","volume":"233","author":"Moreno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01400-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01400-17","article-title":"Extinction of West Nile virus by favipiravir through lethal mutagenesis","volume":"61","author":"Domingo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01217-18","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01217-18","article-title":"Determining the mutation bias of favipiravir in influenza virus using next-generation sequencing","volume":"93","author":"Goldhill","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00669-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00669-19","article-title":"Lethal mutagenesis of Rift Valley fever virus induced by favipiravir","volume":"63","author":"Borrego","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.01.016","article-title":"Favipiravir (T-705) protects against peracute Rift Valley fever virus infection and reduces delayed-onset neurologic disease observed with ribavirin treatment","volume":"104","author":"Scharton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01653-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01653-19","article-title":"Synergistic lethal mutagenesis of hepatitis C virus","volume":"63","author":"Gallego","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01219-10","article-title":"T-705 (favipiravir) inhibition of arenavirus replication in cell culture","volume":"55","author":"Mendenhall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku209","article-title":"Mutations in the chikungunya virus non-structural proteins cause resistance to favipiravir (T-705), a broad-spectrum antiviral","volume":"69","author":"Delang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00487-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00487-17","article-title":"Understanding the Mechanism of the Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of Favipiravir (T-705): Key Role of the F1 Motif of the Viral Polymerase","volume":"9","author":"Abdelnabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2020, November 12). Avigan Tablets 200 \u200amg, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov.tw\/File\/Get\/ht8jUiB_MI-aKnlwstwzvw."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"MDVI (2020, November 15). Dose-Finding Study of Favipiravir in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Influenza. 2014, updated 18 Nov. 2015, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01068912."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2020, November 11). Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety Study of Favipiravir for Treatment of Uncomplicated Influenza in Adults\u2014T705US316, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02026349."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2020, November 16). Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety Study of Favipiravir for Treatment of Uncomplicated Influenza in Adults, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02008344."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz656","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Combined Favipiravir and Oseltamivir Therapy Versus Oseltamivir Monotherapy in Critically Ill Patients With Influenza Virus Infection","volume":"221","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sissoko, D., Laouenan, C., Folkesson, E., M\u2019Lebing, A.B., Beavogui, A.H., Baize, S., Camara, A.M., Maes, P., Shepherd, S., and Danel, C. (2016). Experimental treatment with Favipiravir for Ebola virus disease (the JIKI trial): A historically controlled, single-arm proof-of-concept trial in Guinea. PLoS Med., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002066"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw571","article-title":"Clinical and Virological characteristics of Ebola virus disease patients treated with Favipiravir (T-705)-Sierra Leone, 2014","volume":"63","author":"Bai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C., Zhang, Y., Huang, J., Yin, P., Cheng, Z., Wu, J., Chen, S., Zhang, Y., Chen, B., and Lu, M. (2020). Favipiravir versus Arbidol for COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial. medRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.17.20037432"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.03.007","article-title":"Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An Open-Label Control Study","volume":"6","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.11.142","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of favipiravir, an oral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, in mild-to-moderate COVID-19: A randomized, comparative, open-label, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial","volume":"103","author":"Udwadia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01897-20","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01897-20","article-title":"A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Trial of Early versus Late Favipiravir Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19","volume":"64","author":"Doi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105631","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes and Plasma Concentrations of Baloxavir Marboxil and Favipiravir in COVID-19 Patients: An Exploratory Randomized, Controlled Trial","volume":"157","author":"Lou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ivashchenko, A.A., Dmitriev, K.A., Vostokova, N.V., Azarova, V.V., Blinow, A.A., Egorova, A.N., Gordeev, I.G., Ilin, A.P., Karapetian, R.N., and Kravchenko, D.V. (2020). AVIFAVIR for Treatment of Patients with Moderate COVID-19: Interim Results of a Phase II\/III Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin. Infect. Dis., ciaa1176.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1176"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-015-0364-1","article-title":"Ebola virus infection: Review of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs considered for testing in human efficacy trials","volume":"55","author":"Madelain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Toyama Chem Co. Ltd (2016, July 29). Start of Phase III Clinical Trial for Anti-Influenza Drug, T-705. Japanese 2009. Available online: http:\/\/www.toyama-chemical.co.jp\/cgi-bin\/ja_prtpreview\/print.cgi\/news\/detail\/091029.html."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000532","article-title":"Influenza virus polymerase inhibitors in clinical development","volume":"32","author":"Hayden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3210","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of favipiravir during continuous venovenous haemofiltration in a critically ill patient with influenza","volume":"23","author":"Favie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antivir. Ther."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.H., Guedj, J., Anglaret, X., Laou\u00e9nan, C., Madelain, V., Taburet, A., Baize, S., Sissoko, D., Pastorino, B., and Rodallec, A. (2017). Favipiravir pharmacokinetics in Ebola-infected patients of the JIKI trial reveals concentrations lower than targeted. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005389"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00228-5","article-title":"Post-exposure prophylaxis against Ebola virus disease with experimental antiviral agents: A case-series of health-care workers","volume":"15","author":"Jacobs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.4.977-981.2002","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo activities of anti-influenza virus compound T-705","volume":"46","author":"Furuta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01739-09","article-title":"In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Favipiravir (T-705) against Drug-Resistant Influenza and 2009 A(H1N1) Viruses","volume":"54","author":"Sleeman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01051-06","article-title":"Efficacy of Orally Administered T-705 on Lethal Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Infections in Mice","volume":"51","author":"Sidwell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909603107","article-title":"T-705 (favipiravir) activity against lethal H5N1 influenza A viruses","volume":"107","author":"Kiso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08260","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo characterization of new swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses","volume":"460","author":"Itoh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12392","article-title":"Characterization of H7N9 influenza A viruses isolated from humans","volume":"501","author":"Watanabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00933-09","article-title":"Effects of the combination of favipiravir (T-705) and oseltamivir on influenza A virus infections in mice","volume":"54","author":"Smee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.03.001","article-title":"Combinations of favipiravir and peramivir for the treatment of pandemic influenza A\/California\/04\/2009 (H1N1) virus infections in mice","volume":"94","author":"Tarbet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26742","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26742","article-title":"Combinations of oseltamivir and T-705 extend the treatment window for highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in mice","volume":"6","author":"Marathe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.14156SC","article-title":"Characterization of susceptibility variants of influenza virus grown in the presence of T-705","volume":"126","author":"Daikoku","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13041","article-title":"An experimental evaluation of drug-induced mutational meltdown as an antiviral treatment strategy","volume":"70","author":"Bank","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4794","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5794","article-title":"Generation and characterization of influenza A viruses with altered polymerase fidelity","volume":"5","author":"Cheung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11613","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811345115","article-title":"The mechanism of resistance to favipiravir in influenza","volume":"115","author":"Goldhill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.01.012","article-title":"Meeting report: 4th ISIRV antiviral group conference: Novel antiviral therapies for influenza and other respiratory viruses","volume":"129","author":"Fry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.11.013","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of respiratory viral infections: Presentations on antivirals, traditional therapies and host-directed interventions at the 5th ISIRV Antiviral Group conference","volume":"149","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2014.151","article-title":"Favipiravir: A new medication for the Ebola virus disease pandemic","volume":"9","author":"Nagata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Disaster Med. Public Health Prep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s40506-016-0085-5","article-title":"Japanese Surveillance Systems and Treatment for Influenza","volume":"8","author":"Zaraket","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.S., Adhikari, N.K.J., Kwon, H.Y., Teo, K., Siemieniuk, R., Lamontagne, F., Chan, A., Mishra, S., Murthy, S., and Kiiza, P. (2019). Anti-Ebola therapy for patients with Ebola virus disease: A systematic review. BMC Infect. Dis., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3980-9"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, November 20). Categorization and Prioritization of Drugs for Consideration for Testing or Use in Patients Infected with Ebola. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/medicines\/ebola-treatment\/2015-0218_tables_of_ebola_drugs_updated.pdf?ua=1."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107512","article-title":"Favipiravir, an anti-influenza drug against life-threatening RNA virus infections","volume":"209","author":"Shiraki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.01.012","article-title":"Post-exposure efficacy of oral T-705 (Favipiravir) against inhalational Ebola virus infection in a mouse model","volume":"104","author":"Smither","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.02.014","article-title":"Successful treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection with T-705 (favipiravir) in a small animal model","volume":"105","author":"Oestereich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71047-3","article-title":"Dose regimen of favipiravir for Ebola virus disease","volume":"15","author":"Taburet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, November 02). Coronavirus (COVID-19). Available online: https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI9ai8sIOz6gIVzQorCh297QloEAAYASAAEgIQ7vD_BwE."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E734","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.200647","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of antiviral treatment for COVID-19 from evidence in studies of SARS-CoV-2 and other acute viral infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"192","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7alik Ba\u015earan, N., Uyaro\u011flu, O.A., Telli Dizman, G., \u00d6zi\u015fik, L., \u015eahin, T.K., Ta\u015f, Z., \u0130nkaya, A.\u00c7., Karahan, S., \u00d6zyavuz Alp, \u015e., and Alp, A. (2020). Outcome of Non-Critical COVID-19 Patients with Early Hospitalization and Early Antiviral Treatment Outside the ICU. Turk. J. Med. Sci.","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2006-173"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rattanaumpawan, P., Jirajariyavej, S., Lerdlamyong, K., Palavutitotai, N., and Saiyarin, J. (2020). Real-world experience with favipiravir for treatment of COVID-19 in Thailand: Results from a multi-center observational study. medRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.24.20133249"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01412-z","article-title":"Favipiravir versus other antiviral or standard of care for COVID-19 treatment: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Shrestha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix406","article-title":"Favipiravir and Ribavirin Treatment of Epidemiologically Linked Cases of Lassa Fever","volume":"65","author":"Raabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1806941","article-title":"Mutagenesis in Norovirus in Response to Favipiravir Treatment","volume":"379","author":"Ruis","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Yasukawa, M. (2020, November 18). Clinical Study of Favipiravir for Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Available online: https:\/\/upload.umin.ac.jp\/cgi-open-bin\/ctr_e\/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000033194InUMIN000022398."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Baker, L. (2020, November 15). Bat Rabies Outbreak in Peru Claims One, but Others Survive: Mass Vaccination Campaign Underway. Available online: https:\/\/rabiesalliance.org\/resource\/bat-rabies-outbreak-peru-claims-one-others-survive-mass-vaccination-campaign-underway."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv522","article-title":"Efficacy of favipiravir alone and in combination with ribavirin in a lethal, immunocompetent mouse model of Lassa fever","volume":"213","author":"Oestereich","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14775","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14775","article-title":"The broad-spectrum antiviral favipiravir protects guinea pigs from lethal Lassa virus infection post-disease onset","volume":"5","author":"Safronetz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00150","article-title":"Antiviral Drugs against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection","volume":"11","author":"Saijo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01074-08","article-title":"Activity of T-705 in a hamster model of yellow fever virus infection in comparison with that of a chemically related compound, T-1106. Antimicrob","volume":"53","author":"Julander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.10.015","article-title":"Efficacy of favipiravir (T-705) and T-1106 pyrazine derivatives in phlebovirus disease models","volume":"86","author":"Gowen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00886-13","article-title":"Antiviral efficacy of favipiravir against two prominent etiological agents of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Antimicrob","volume":"57","author":"Safronetz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oestereich, L., Rieger, T., Neumann, M., Bernreuther, C., Lehmann, M., Krasemann, S., Wurr, S., Emmerich, P., de Lamballerie, X., and \u00d6lschl\u00e4ger, S. (2014). Evaluation of antiviral efficacy of ribavirin, arbidol, and T-705 (favipiravir) in a mouse model for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002804"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv586","article-title":"Efficacy of Favipiravir (T-705) in Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis","volume":"213","author":"Yamada","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/2\/273\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:10:42Z","timestamp":1760159442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/2\/273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10020273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10020273","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]}}}