{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:35:17Z","timestamp":1789385717913,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) is a very heterogeneous condition that frequently includes symptoms of the \u201csymmetry dimension\u201d (i.e., obsessions and\/or compulsions of symmetry, ordering, repetition, and counting), along with aggressive, sexual\/religious, contamination\/cleaning, and hoarding dimensions. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence, severity, and demographic and clinical correlates of the symmetry dimension among 1001 outpatients from the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. The main assessment instruments used were the Dimensional Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Scale, the Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Scale, the USP-Sensory Phenomena Scale, the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Chi-square tests, Fisher\u2019s exact tests, Student\u2019s t-tests, and Mann\u2013Whitney tests were used in the bivariate analyses to compare patients with and without symptoms of the symmetry dimension. Odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals and Cohen\u2019s D were also calculated as effect size measures. Finally, a logistic regression was performed to control for confounders. Results: The symmetry dimension was highly prevalent (86.8%) in this large clinical sample and, in the logistic regression, it remained associated with earlier onset of obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms, insidious onset of compulsions, more severe depressive symptoms, and presence of sensory phenomena. Conclusions: A deeper knowledge about specific OCD dimensions is essential for a better understanding and management of this complex and multifaceted disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T11:52:32Z","timestamp":1610538752000},"page":"274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Symmetry Dimension in Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Disorder: Prevalence, Severity and Clinical Correlates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aline P.","family":"Vellozo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista\u2014UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9075-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo F.","family":"Fontenelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"D\u2019Or Institute for Research and Education &amp; Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo C.","family":"Torresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista\u2014UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5959-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roseli G.","family":"Shavitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3770-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ygor A.","family":"Ferr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90570-080, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Ros\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 04038-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Euripedes C.","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1072-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albina R.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista\u2014UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.2307\/1131925","article-title":"Ritual, habit, and perfectionism: The prevalence and development of compulsive-like behavior in normal young children","volume":"68","author":"Evans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2008.00592.x","article-title":"Ritual Behavior in Obsessive and Normal Individuals","volume":"17","author":"Boyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. 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