{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T23:41:46Z","timestamp":1792885306239,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) may be associated with extra-intestinal manifestations. Among these, mucocutaneous manifestations are relatively frequent, often difficult to diagnose and treat, and may complicate the course of the underlying disease. In the present review, a summary of the most relevant literature on the dermatologic manifestations occurring in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases has been reviewed. The following dermatological manifestations associated with IBDs have been identified: (i) specific manifestations with the same histological features of the underlying IBD (occurring only in Crohn\u2019s disease); (ii) cutaneous disorders associated with IBDs (such as aphthous stomatitis, erythema nodosum, psoriasis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita); (iii) reactive mucocutaneous manifestations of IBDs (such as pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet\u2019s syndrome, bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome, aseptic abscess ulcers, pyodermatitis\u2013pyostomatitis vegetans, etc.); (iv) mucocutaneous conditions secondary to treatment (including injection site reactions, infusion reactions, paradoxical reactions, eczematous and psoriasis-like reactions, cutaneous infections, and cutaneous malignancies); (v) manifestations due to nutritional malabsorption (such as stomatitis, glossitis, angular cheilitis, pellagra, scurvy, purpura, acrodermatitis enteropathica, phrynoderma, seborrheic-type dermatitis, hair and nail abnormalities). An accurate dermatological examination is essential in all IBD patients, especially in candidates to biologic therapies, in whom drug-induced cutaneous reactions may assume marked clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T11:39:55Z","timestamp":1611056395000},"page":"364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Dermatological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Section, Perugia General Hospital, 06156 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0237-1812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrio","family":"Bassotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Section, Perugia General Hospital, 06156 Perugia, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Tramontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6674-4278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Hansel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7919-8141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Stingeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Ardizzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, \u201cL.Sacco\u201d Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7636-958X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Genovese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8160-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo Valerio","family":"Marzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Maconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, \u201cL.Sacco\u201d Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv213","article-title":"The First European Evidence-based Consensus on Extra-intestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"10","author":"Harbord","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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