{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:08:55Z","timestamp":1792652935234,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":219,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Overwhelming evidence suggests an association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely speculative. It is, however, likely that common mechanisms contribute to the development of CVD and NAFLD, with lifestyle factors such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle with poor nutrition habits and physical inactivity being major candidates. These behavioral factors, on a predisposing genetic background, trigger changes in gut microbiota, inflammation, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, leading to metabolic syndrome, diabetes and obesity as well as atherosclerosis. Treatment options to counteract both the progression and development of CVD and NAFLD include lifestyle interventions, optimal medical therapy of comorbid conditions and, as final possibility, bariatric surgery. As no causal pharmacotherapy of NAFLD is available, further research is urgently needed to address the unmet need of a growing population with NAFLD and CVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T08:29:16Z","timestamp":1611649756000},"page":"467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["NAFLD and Cardiovascular Diseases: Epidemiological, Mechanistic and Therapeutic Considerations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3089-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Niederseer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4024-0220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Wernly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Center for Public Health and Healthcare Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmar","family":"Aigner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Stickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7838-4532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Datz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5110 Oberndorf, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0912063","article-title":"Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"363","author":"Targher","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. 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