{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:01:30Z","timestamp":1792094490662,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1027624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1027624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1103013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1103013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1104985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1104985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004463","name":"Bupa Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004463","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The presence of drusen is an important hallmark of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Laser-induced regression of drusen, first observed over four decades ago, has led to much interest in the potential role of lasers in slowing the progression of the disease. In this article, we summarise the key insights from pre-clinical studies into the possible mechanisms of action of various laser interventions that result in beneficial changes in the retinal pigment epithelium\/Bruch\u2019s membrane\/choriocapillaris interface. Key learnings from clinical trials of laser treatment in AMD are also summarised, concentrating on the evolution of laser technology towards short pulse, non-thermal delivery such as the nanosecond laser. The evolution in our understanding of AMD, through advances in multimodal imaging and functional testing, as well as ongoing investigation of key pathological mechanisms, have all helped to set the scene for further well-conducted randomised trials to further explore potential utility of the nanosecond and other subthreshold short pulse lasers in AMD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T11:54:53Z","timestamp":1611834893000},"page":"484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Subthreshold Nano-Second Laser Treatment and Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3572-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy C.","family":"Cohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne 3002, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8623-6684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhichao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne 3002, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7827-3135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew I.","family":"Jobling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica L.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn H.","family":"Guymer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne 3002, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062655","article-title":"ANCHOR Study Group. 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