{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:48:18Z","timestamp":1760233698329,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Halitosis is a growing issue and its management is highly challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and treatment strategies used by French (FD) and Lebanese (LD) dentists. A self-administered structured questionnaire was sent to FD and LD comprising questions about professional characteristics, management, and treatment of halitosis, patients\u2019 referral, and halitosis-related knowledge. A multivariate analysis was conducted to determine differences between FD and LD and to identify parameters that could influence dentists\u2019 management of halitosis. The questionnaire was filled out by 156 FD and 257 LD. Among them, 78.8% of FD and 68.9% of LD were confronted with halitosis management, while only a few routinely asked their patients about halitosis (16% FD, 13.2% LD). Regarding anamnesis, oral hygiene habits were more investigated by FD than LD (p &lt; 0.05). The overall treatment satisfaction was low with 39.7% of FD and 28.4% of LD considering their treatment effective. Regarding halitosis-related knowledge, extra-oral causes were overestimated in both populations. FD (83.4%) and LD (65.8%) considered their education regarding halitosis as insufficient. This study highlights the need of professional education in both countries, targeting proper diagnosis and treatment strategies of halitosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T05:16:28Z","timestamp":1612156588000},"page":"502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Knowledge and Management of Halitosis in France and Lebanon: A Questionnaire-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Harmouche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Reingewirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology, P\u00f4le de M\u00e9decine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Tuzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de M\u00e9thodes en Recherche Clinique, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Lefebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de M\u00e9thodes en Recherche Clinique, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7336-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Davideau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Periodontology, P\u00f4le de M\u00e9decine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7988-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Huck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Periodontology, P\u00f4le de M\u00e9decine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"INSERM 1260 Regenerative Nanomedicine F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de M\u00e9decine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Halitosis: A review of the literature on its prevalence, impact and control","volume":"12","author":"Akaji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev. 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[3rd ed.]."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/3\/502\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:18:04Z","timestamp":1760159884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/3\/502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10030502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10030502","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}}}