{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:17:02Z","timestamp":1788837422229,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001230","name":"Macquarie University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["International Macquarie Research Excellence Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["International Macquarie Research Excellence Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001230","name":"Macquarie University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Macquarie University Safety Net Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Macquarie University Safety Net Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001171","name":"Cancer Institute NSW","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Early Career Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Early Career Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001186","name":"Australian Cystic Fibrosis Research Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Postgraduate studentship award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Postgraduate studentship award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004267","name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A.R Clarkson Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A.R Clarkson Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004267","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004267","name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Mary Overton Early Career Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mary Overton Early Career Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004267","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004267","name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Clinical Project Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Clinical Project Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004267","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacteremia\u2014i.e., the presence of pathogens in the blood stream\u2014is associated with long-term morbidity and is a potential precursor condition to life-threatening sepsis. Timely detection of bacteremia is therefore critical to reduce patient mortality, but existing methods lack precision, speed, and sensitivity to effectively stratify bacteremic patients. Herein, we tested the potential of quantitative serum N-glycomics performed using porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to stratify bacteremic patients infected with Escherichia coli (n = 11), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 11), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 5), and Streptococcus viridans (n = 5) from healthy donors (n = 39). In total, 62 N-glycan isomers spanning 41 glycan compositions primarily comprising complex-type core fucosylated, bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), and \u03b12,3-\/\u03b12,6-sialylated structures were profiled across all samples using label-free quantitation. Excitingly, unsupervised hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis of the serum N-glycome data accurately separated the patient groups. P. aeruginosa-infected patients displayed prominent N-glycome aberrations involving elevated levels of fucosylation and bisecting GlcNAcylation and reduced sialylation relative to other bacteremic patients. Notably, receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated that a single N-glycan isomer could effectively stratify each of the four bacteremic patient groups from the healthy donors (area under the curve 0.93\u20131.00). Thus, the serum N-glycome represents a new hitherto unexplored class of potential diagnostic markers for bloodstream infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T11:40:48Z","timestamp":1612179648000},"page":"516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Serum N-Glycomics Stratifies Bacteremic Patients Infected with Different Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7007-0333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayantani","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"},{"name":"Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"},{"name":"Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry C.","family":"Tjondro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"},{"name":"Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinic, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marni A.","family":"Nenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Torpy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8327-6843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Thaysen-Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"},{"name":"Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.26514","article-title":"The complex pathogenesis of bacteremia: From antimicrobial clearance mechanisms to the genetic background of the host","volume":"5","author":"Christaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.27372","article-title":"Epidemiology of severe sepsis","volume":"5","author":"Mayr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006616","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006616","article-title":"Primary bacteraemia is associated with a higher mortality risk compared with pulmonary and intra-abdominal infections in patients with sepsis: A prospective observational cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Mansur","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2018.08.011","article-title":"Epidemiological study of secondary bloodstream infections: The forgotten issue","volume":"12","author":"Sante","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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