{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:47:31Z","timestamp":1760233651269,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]],"date-time":"2021-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["503\/1-153-05\/503-11-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-153-05\/503-11-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the study was to identify a possible relation between various ultrasonographic (US) appearances of Hashimoto\u2032s thyroiditis (HT) and the risk of obtaining an alarming cytology of coexisting nodules. The study included 557 patients with HT, who had been referred for fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA). We divided US patterns of HT (UP-HT) into eight groups: (a) Hypoechoic (compared to submandibular glands), homogeneous\/fine echotexture; (b) hypoechoic, heterogeneous\/coarse echotexture; (c) marked hypoechoic (darker than strap muscles), heterogeneous\/coarse echotexture; (d) heterogeneous echotexture with hyperechoic, fibrous septa; (e) multiple, discrete marked hypoechoic areas (sized as 1 to 6 mm); (f) normoechoic pseudo-nodular areas; (g) echostructure similar to connective tissue; (h) thyroid parenchyma with no signs of HT. Indications for a surgical treatment resulting from the FNA outcome (categories IV\u2013VI of Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology) were identified only in patients with variants b, c, and e of UP-HT, but merely the \u201cmultiple, discrete marked hypoechoic areas\u201d variant significantly increased the odds of obtaining such cytology (OR:5.7). The presence of the \u201cnormoechoic pseudo-nodular areas\u201d variant significantly increased the odds for the benign cytology (OR:1.7). There are significant differences in the frequency of obtaining an alarming cytology in relation to the UP-HT variant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T20:51:51Z","timestamp":1612817511000},"page":"638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Presence of Hypoechoic Micronodules in Patients with Hashimoto\u2032s Thyroiditis Increases the Risk of an Alarming Cytological Outcome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5617-0418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"S\u0142owi\u0144ska-Klencka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphometry of Endocrine Glands, Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska Str 251, 92-213 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Wojtaszek-Nowicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska Str 251, 92-213 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4581-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Klencki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphometry of Endocrine Glands, Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska Str 251, 92-213 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2980-5585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Wysocka-Konieczna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphometry of Endocrine Glands, Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska Str 251, 92-213 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Popowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphometry of Endocrine Glands, Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska Str 251, 92-213 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.101367","article-title":"Hashimotos\u2019 thyroiditis: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic and therapy","volume":"33","author":"Ragusa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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