{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T13:36:34Z","timestamp":1769607394432,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Minister of Science and Higher Education","award":["002\/ RID\/2018\/19."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["002\/ RID\/2018\/19."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an inflammatory disease leading to kidney insufficiency and uremia. Renalase is a novel flavoprotein with enzymatic activities. Previous studies have shown that chronic kidney disease may influence renalase serum levels. Renalase metabolises catecholamines and therefore may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and other diseases of the circulatory system. In this study, we examined renalase levels in serum, erythrocytes and urine from haemodialysis CKD patients. The study enrolled 77 haemodialysis CKD patients and 30 healthy subjects with normal kidney function as the control group. Renalase serum and urine concentrations in CKD patients were significantly increased when compared with control subjects (185.5 \u00b1 64.3 vs. 19.6 \u00b1 5.0 ng\/mL; p &lt; 0.00001 and 207.1 \u00b1 60.5 vs. 141.6 \u00b1 41.3 ng\/mL; p = 0.00040, respectively). In contrast, renalase levels in erythrocytes were significantly lower in CKD patients when compared with control subjects (176.5 \u00b1 60.9 vs. 233.2 \u00b1 83.1 ng\/mL; p = 0.00096). Plasma levels of dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline were also significantly lower in CKD patients when compared with controls. Conclusions: Increased serum and urine concentrations of renalase in haemodialysis CKD patients are likely related to compensatory production in extrarenal organs as a result of changes in the cardiovascular system and hypertension. The decreased plasma concentrations of catecholamines may be due to their increased degradation by plasma renalase. Decreased renalase levels in erythrocytes may be probably due to lower renalase synthesis by the kidneys in CKD. The results indicate the presence of renalase in erythrocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:49:26Z","timestamp":1613090966000},"page":"680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Renalase in Haemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Magda","family":"Wisniewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Serwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Violetta","family":"Dziedziejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Marchelek-Mysliwiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-1013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Do\u0142egowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leszek","family":"Domanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazimierz","family":"Ciechanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9415-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Safranow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6557-1208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1159\/000479257","article-title":"Inflammation: A Key Contributor to the Genesis and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"191","author":"Qian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contrib. 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