{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:26:29Z","timestamp":1779341189962,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We sought to assess the association between common antihypertensive drugs and the risk of incident cancer in treated hypertensive patients. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, the risk of cancer incidence was analyzed in patients with hypertension who were initially free of cancer and used the following antihypertensive drug classes: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs); angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs); beta blockers (BBs); calcium channel blockers (CCBs); and diuretics. During a median follow-up of 8.6 years, there were 4513 (6.4%) overall cancer incidences from an initial 70,549 individuals taking antihypertensive drugs. ARB use was associated with a decreased risk for overall cancer in a crude model (hazard ratio (HR): 0.744, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.696\u20130.794) and a fully adjusted model (HR: 0.833, 95% CI: 0.775\u20130.896) compared with individuals not taking ARBs. Other antihypertensive drugs, including ACEIs, CCBs, BBs, and diuretics, did not show significant associations with incident cancer overall. The long-term use of ARBs was significantly associated with a reduced risk of incident cancer over time. The users of common antihypertensive medications were not associated with an increased risk of cancer overall compared to users of other classes of antihypertensive drugs. ARB use was independently associated with a decreased risk of cancer overall compared to other antihypertensive drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T03:22:26Z","timestamp":1613359346000},"page":"771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Antihypertensive Drugs and the Risk of Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"In-Jeong","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6718-9763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Hun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0224-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi-Hyang","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong 18450, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8587-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chae Young","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinseub","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang Hee","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6939-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woohyeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chan Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Si-Hyuck","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0858-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju-si 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hack-Lyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyue Mee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 06973, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iksung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9521-4102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hae-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9767-7098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wook-Jin","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5017-5421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Hyun","family":"Ihm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si 14647, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwang Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1695-9852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Joo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8004-5185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Il-Suk","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sungha","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6706-6504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1673-0166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Kee","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Medical School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0813-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jang Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju-si 26426, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seok-Min","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myeong-Chan","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju-si 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wook Bum","family":"Pyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5630-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-Chul","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339","article-title":"2018 ESC\/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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