{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:53:43Z","timestamp":1779933223872,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of fetal cardiac interventions (FCI), as other prenatal therapeutic procedures, is to bring benefit to the fetus. However, the safety of the mother is of utmost importance. The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of FCI on maternal condition, course of pregnancy, and delivery. 113 mothers underwent intrauterine treatment of their fetuses with critical heart defects. 128 percutaneous ultrasound-guided FCI were performed and analyzed. The patients were divided into four groups according to the type of FCI: balloon aortic valvuloplasty (fBAV), balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (fBPV), interatrial stent placement (IAS), and balloon atrioseptoplasty (BAS). Various factors: maternal parameters, perioperative data, and pregnancy complications, were analyzed. There was only one major complication\u2014procedure-related placental abruption (without need for blood products transfusion). There were no cases of: procedure-related preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM), chorioamnionitis, wound infection, and anesthesia associated complications. Tocolysis was only necessary only in two cases, and it was effective in both. None of the patients required intensive care unit admission. The procedure was effective in treating polyhydramnios associated with fetal heart failure in six out of nine cases. Deliveries occurred at term in 89%, 54% were vaginal. The results showed that FCI had a negligible impact on a further course of pregnancy and delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T09:06:10Z","timestamp":1613725570000},"page":"851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Fetal Cardiac Interventions\u2014Are They Safe for the Mothers?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1696-7561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Rebizant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Kole\u015bnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatal Cardiology and Congenital Anomalies, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, US Clinic Agatowa, 03-680 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Interventions Laboratory, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4297-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Grzyb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatal Cardiology and Congenital Anomalies, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, US Clinic Agatowa, 03-680 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Chaberek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"S\u0119kowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Witwicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9155-4572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Szymkiewicz-Dangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatal Cardiology and Congenital Anomalies, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, US Clinic Agatowa, 03-680 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5695-889X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzena","family":"D\u0119bska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Obstetrics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8927","article-title":"Intrauterine aortic valvuloplasty in fetuses with critical aortic stenosis: Experience and results of 24 procedures","volume":"37","author":"Arzt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. 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