{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T12:29:59Z","timestamp":1764332999946,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) are frequently initiated in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) prior to electrical cardioversion (ECV), achieving pharmacological cardioversion (PCV) in some cases. Little is known about the mode of cardioversion and the effect of the type of AAD used in the maintenance of sinus rhythm (SR). Methods: From three national surveys of patients with persistent AF referred for ECV, we selected those who were pre-treated with AADs (amiodarone or group Ic AADs). We analyzed the effect of the type of cardioversion (pharmacological vs. electrical) and the AAD used in the maintenance of SR at three months. Results: Among the 665 patients selected, 151 had a successful PCV prior to the planned ECV. In the remaining 514 patients, 460 had a successful ECV. A successful PCV was related to a higher rate of SR maintenance than a successful ECV (77.9% vs. 57.5%; p &lt; 0.0001). After a successful PCV, the maintenance of SR was identical in those patients treated with amiodarone and those treated with group Ic AADs (77.4% vs. 77.5%; p = 0.99), whereas after a successful ECV, amiodarone was clearly superior to group Ic AADs (61.3% vs. 43.0%; p = 0.001). Considering patients with successful PCV and ECV together, PCV was an independent factor related to the maintenance of SR. Conclusions: In patients with persistent AF, successful PCV selects a subgroup with a high probability of maintenance of SR. With regard to drugs, amiodarone was superior to group Ic AADs in patients with ECV, whereas in PCV, no differences were observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10051029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T05:10:16Z","timestamp":1614748216000},"page":"1029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pharmacological Cardioversion after Pre-Treatment with Antiarrythmic Drugs Prior to Electrical Cardioversion in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Impact on Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9244-2994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amine","family":"El Amrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Vi\u00f1olas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Sta. Creu i St. Pau, 08026 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5555-9344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, 45004 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Bazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Valdovinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6117-5512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep M.","family":"Alegret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1274","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of antiarrhythmic treatment after electrical cardioversion in patients without structural heart disease","volume":"61","author":"Alegret","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. 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