{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:24:44Z","timestamp":1777937084129,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Critically ill patients with systemic rheumatic diseases (SRDs) have a fair prognosis, while those with interstitial lung disease (ILD) have a poorer outcome. However, the prognosis of SRD patients with ILD admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear. We conducted a case\u2013control study to investigate the outcomes of critically ill SRD-ILD patients. Consecutive SRD-ILD patients admitted to five ICUs from January 2007 to December 2017 were compared to SRD patients without ILD. Mortality rates were compared between groups, and prognostic factors were then identified. One hundred and forty critically ill SRD patients were included in the study. Among the 70 patients with SRD\u2013ILD, the SRDs were connective tissue diseases (56%), vasculitis (29%), sarcoidosis (13%), and spondylarthritis (3%). Patients were mainly admitted for acute exacerbation of SRD-ILD (36%) or infection (34%). ICU, in-hospital, and one-year mortality rates in SRD-ILD patients were higher than in SRD patients without ILD (n = 70): 40% vs. 16% (p &lt; 0.01), 49% vs. 19% (p &lt; 0.01), and 66% vs. 40% (p &lt; 0.01), respectively. Hypoxemia, high sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and admission for ILD acute exacerbation were associated with ICU mortality. In conclusion, ILD worsened the outcomes of SRD patients admitted to the ICU. Admissions related to SRD-ILD acute exacerbation and the severity of the acute respiratory failure were associated with ICU mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10051037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T20:33:57Z","timestamp":1614803637000},"page":"1037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Interstitial Lung Disease Worsens Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Systemic Rheumatic Disease Patients Admitted to the ICU: A Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Lorrain","family":"Banuls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Medicine Department, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 191, avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Vanoverschelde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Garnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Medicine Department, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 191, avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Amalric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Medicine Department, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 191, avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7257-8069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir","family":"Jaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM (French Institut of Health and Medical Research), CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Charbit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0727-064X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Chalard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Mourad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM (French Institut of Health and Medical Research), CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nacim","family":"Benchabane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Medicine Department, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 191, avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM (French Institut of Health and Medical Research), CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Racim","family":"Benomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Medicine Department, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 191, avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noemie","family":"Besnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Medicine Department, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 191, avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Daubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Medicine Department, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 191, avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Brunot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Medicine Department, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 191, avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1633-7700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kada","family":"Klouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Medicine Department, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 191, avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM (French Institut of Health and Medical Research), CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romaric","family":"Larcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Medicine Department, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 191, avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM (French Institut of Health and Medical Research), CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), 34090 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-3098","article-title":"Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Systemic Rheumatic Disease: A Multicenter Study","volume":"148","author":"Dumas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0194","article-title":"Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease","volume":"138","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.050","article-title":"One-Year Outcome of Critically Ill Patients with Systemic Rheumatic Disease: A Multicenter Cohort Study","volume":"158","author":"Larcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1150-0","article-title":"Outcome of Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure in Patients with Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Fumeaux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1481","article-title":"Ventilator Settings and Outcome of Respiratory Failure in Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease","volume":"133","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"134","article-title":"Outcome of Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit","volume":"30","author":"Sanchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc. Diffuse Lung Dis. Off. J. WASOG"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180061","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0061-2018","article-title":"Risk Factors for Mortality and Mortality Rates in Interstitial Lung Disease Patients in the Intensive Care Unit","volume":"27","author":"Huapaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zafrani, L., Lemiale, V., Lapidus, N., Lorillon, G., Schlemmer, B., and Azoulay, E. (2014). Acute Respiratory Failure in Critically Ill Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104897"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2015.05.012","article-title":"Critically Ill Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease","volume":"36","author":"Hadley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chest Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maillet, T., Goletto, T., Beltramo, G., Dupuy, H., Jouneau, S., Borie, R., Crestani, B., Cottin, V., Blockmans, D., and Lazaro, E. (2019). Usual Interstitial Pneumonia in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Poor Prognostic Factor. J. Autoimmun., 102338.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102338"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.01.006","article-title":"Outcomes and Mortality Prediction Model of Critically Ill Adults with Acute Respiratory Failure and Interstitial Lung Disease","volume":"153","author":"Gannon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathai, S.C., and Danoff, S.K. (2016). Management of Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Connective Tissue Disease. BMJ, h6819.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h6819"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38098","article-title":"2013 Classification Criteria for Systemic Sclerosis: An American College of Rheumatology\/European League against Rheumatism Collaborative Initiative","volume":"65","author":"Khanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39859","article-title":"2016 American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome: A Consensus and Data-Driven Methodology Involving Three International Patient Cohorts","volume":"69","author":"Shiboski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584","article-title":"2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Criteria: An American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism Collaborative Initiative","volume":"62","author":"Aletaha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330802","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Vasculitis. Introduction","volume":"33","author":"Hunder","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.104018","article-title":"The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) Handbook: A Guide to Assess Spondyloarthritis","volume":"68","author":"Sieper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00150-2015","article-title":"An Official European Respiratory Society\/American Thoracic Society Research Statement: Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features","volume":"46","author":"Fischer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40930","article-title":"2019 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"71","author":"Aringer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000507","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000507","article-title":"EULAR\/ACR Classification Criteria for Adult and Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies and Their Major Subgroups: A Methodology Report","volume":"3","author":"Bottai","year":"2017","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society (2002). American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: This Joint Statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) Was Adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, June 2001 and by The ERS Executive Committee, June 2001. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 165, 277\u2013304.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.2.ats01"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201604-0801CI","article-title":"Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An International Working Group Report","volume":"194","author":"Collard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A New Method of Classifying Prognostic Comorbidity in Longitudinal Studies: Development and Validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709751","article-title":"The SOFA (Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment) Score to Describe Organ Dysfunction\/Failure. On Behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine","volume":"22","author":"Vincent","year":"1996","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0","article-title":"Assessment of Coma and Impaired Consciousness. A Practical Scale","volume":"2","author":"Teasdale","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510240069035","article-title":"A New Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) Based on a European\/North American Multicenter Study","volume":"270","author":"Lemeshow","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The ARDS Definition Task Force (2012). Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Berlin Definition. JAMA, 307, 2526\u20132533.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.5669"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. (2012). KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int. Suppl., 2, 1\u2013138."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk052","article-title":"Relaxing the Rule of Ten Events per Variable in Logistic and Cox Regression","volume":"165","author":"Vittinghoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(02)00025-8","article-title":"Rheumatologic Diseases in the Intensive Care Unit: Epidemiology, Clinical Approach, Management, and Outcome","volume":"18","author":"Janssen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Care Clin."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.06.039","article-title":"Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Fibrosing Interstitial Pneumonia","volume":"147","author":"Gaudry","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.06.003","article-title":"Outcome of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) Ventilated in Intensive Care Unit","volume":"102","author":"Mallick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196702162760702","article-title":"Pulmonary Lesions Associated with Oxygen Therapy and Artificial Ventilation","volume":"276","author":"Nash","year":"1967","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1189-5","article-title":"Outcomes of Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units for Acute Manifestation of Small-Vessel Vasculitis: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study","volume":"20","author":"Kimmoun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903076","article-title":"Nintedanib for Systemic Sclerosis\u2013Associated Interstitial Lung Disease","volume":"380","author":"Distler","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"615","article-title":"Long-Term Survival of Lung Transplantation for Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Connective Tissue Diseases: A Study of 26 Cases from a Referral Centre","volume":"38","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.02.50","article-title":"Comparison of Short-Term Outcomes for Connective Tissue Disease-Related Interstitial Lung Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis after Lung Transplantation","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4505-2","article-title":"Ventilator-Related Causes of Lung Injury: The Mechanical Power","volume":"42","author":"Gattinoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201605-1081CP","article-title":"Mechanical Ventilation to Minimize Progression of Lung Injury in Acute Respiratory Failure","volume":"195","author":"Brochard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208707","article-title":"Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury","volume":"369","author":"Slutsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"186","article-title":"Successful Management of Acute Respiratory Failure in an Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patient Using an Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal System","volume":"33","author":"Vianello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc. Diffuse Lung Dis. Off. J. WASOG"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10946","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010946","article-title":"Combined Usage of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Double Filtration Plasmapheresis in Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Patient with Severe Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case Report","volume":"97","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/5\/1037\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:31:53Z","timestamp":1760160713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/5\/1037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10051037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10051037","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]}}}