{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T22:29:07Z","timestamp":1781908147036,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity has become a pandemic. It is one of the strongest risk-factors of new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the effects of obesity and abdominal obesity on the risk of developing CKD in young adults has not been elucidated. From a nationwide health screening database, we included 3,030,884 young adults aged 20\u201339 years without CKD during a baseline examination in 2009\u20132010, who could follow up during 2013\u20132016. Patients were stratified into five levels based on their baseline body mass index (BMI) and six levels based on their waist circumference (WC; 5-cm increments). The primary outcome was the development of CKD. During the follow up, until 2016, 5853 (0.19%) participants developed CKD. Both BMI and WC showed a U-shaped relationship with CKD risk, identifying the cut-off values as a BMI of 21 and WC of 72 cm in young adults. The obesity group (odd ratio [OR] = 1.320, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.247\u20131.397) and abdominal obesity group (male WC \u2265 90, female WC \u2265 85) (OR = 1.208, 95%CI: 1.332\u20131.290) showed a higher CKD risk than the non-obesity or non-abdominal obesity groups after adjusting for covariates. In the CKD risk by obesity composite, the obesity displayed by the abdominal obesity group showed the highest CKD risk (OR = 1.502, 95%CI: 1.190\u20131.895), especially in those under 30 years old. During subgroup analysis, the diabetes mellitus (DM) group with obesity or abdominal obesity paradoxically showed a lower CKD risk compared with the non-obesity or non-abdominal obesity group. Obesity and abdominal obesity are associated with increased risk of developing CKD in young adults but a decreased risk in young adults with diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10051065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T21:58:07Z","timestamp":1614895087000},"page":"1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Obesity, Abdominal Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease in Young Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Eun Hui","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnan National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Yeob","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15459, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8920-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Hyung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3713-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Ryom","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnan National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8191-4071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong Sang","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnan National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8753-7641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang Seong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnan National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Kwon","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnan National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Do","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil Universithy, Seoul 06978, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3540-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnan National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2004.08.001","article-title":"A comprehensive examination of health conditions associated with obesity in older adults","volume":"27","author":"Patterson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. 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