{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:52:49Z","timestamp":1783122769080,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]],"date-time":"2021-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NIDDK","award":["2U01DK100876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2U01DK100876"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIDDK","award":["1RC2DK116690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1RC2DK116690"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Membranous nephropathy is a glomerulopathy that causes nephrotic syndrome and, in at least a third of cases, lasting end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). It is also a rare case of revolutionary changes in our understanding of the disease, that translates from scientific findings to real diagnosis and treatment recommendations in less than ten years. In this review we present: (1) a short history and traditional approach to patients with membranous nephropathy, (2) current recommendations and treatment options that have emerged in recent years, (3) findings of new studies, with a particular focus on serological\/immunological methods, genomic and proteomic studies, still requiring validation. With further development in this field, membranous nephropathy may become one of the first nephrological conditions that apply a truly personalized approach with the omission of invasive measures such as kidney biopsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]],"date-time":"2021-03-14T22:13:10Z","timestamp":1615759990000},"page":"1205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Membranous Nephropathy: From Research Bench to Personalized Care"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Moszczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5047-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Kiryluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0160-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leszek","family":"P\u0105czek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6613-7638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Mucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5557","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.18.5557","article-title":"The pathogenic antigen of Heymann nephritis is a membrane glycoprotein of therenal proximal tubule brush border","volume":"79","author":"Kerjaschki","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. 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