{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:09:08Z","timestamp":1790618948339,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The electrophysiology-guided noninvasive cardiac radioablation, also known as STAR (stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation) is an emerging treatment method for persistent ventricular tachycardia. Since its first application in 2012 in Stanford Cancer Institute, and a year later in University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic, the authors from all around the world have published case reports and case series, and several prospective trials were established. In this article, we would like to discuss the available clinical evidence, analyze the potentially clinically relevant differences in methodology, and address some of the unique challenges that come with this treatment method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T11:48:22Z","timestamp":1615981702000},"page":"1238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Clinical Evidence behind Stereotactic Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia (STAR)\u2014A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4375-0827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Miszczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IIIrd Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7955-9100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Jadczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"International Clinical Research Center, Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology Group, St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital Brno, 664\/53 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Go\u0142ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper-Silesian Heart Center, Department of Electrocardiology, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3681-5207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Wojakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystian","family":"Wita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Bednarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology, John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0585-9100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Blamek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2017.08.004","article-title":"Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death","volume":"9","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Card. Electrophysiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2018:15:2","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death and arrhythmias","volume":"7","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615244","article-title":"Catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"380","author":"Shivkumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.10.035","article-title":"2017 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Executive summary: A report of the american college of cardiology\/american heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the heart rhythm society","volume":"15","author":"Stevenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.030","article-title":"Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in structural heart disease: Indications, strategies, and outcomes-Part II","volume":"70","author":"Dukkipati","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez-Armenta, J., Soto-Iglesias, D., Silva, E., Penela, D., J\u00e1uregui, B., Linhart, M., Bisbal, F., Acosta, J., Fernandez, M., and Borras, R. (2020). Safety and outcomes of ventricular tachycardia substrate ablation during sinus rhythm: A prospective multicenter registry. JACC Clin. Electrophysiol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2020.07.028"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.02.044","article-title":"Early mortality after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease","volume":"69","author":"Santangeli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palaniswamy, C., Kolte, D., Harikrishnan, P., Khera, S., Aronow, W.S., Mujib, M., Mellana, W.M., Eugenio, P., Lessner, S., and Ferrick, A. (2014). Catheter ablation of postinfarction ventricular tachycardia: Ten-year trends in utilization, in-hospital complications, and in-hospital mortality in the United States. Heart Rhythm.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.07.012"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arenal, \u00c1., Hern\u00e1ndez, J., Calvo, D., Ceballos, C., At\u00e9a, L., Datino, T., Atienza, F., Gonz\u00e1lez-Torrecilla, E., E\u00eddelman, G., and Miracle, \u00c1. (2013). Safety, long-term results, and predictors of recurrence after complete endocardial ventricular tachycardia substrate ablation in patients with previous myocardial infarction. Am. J. Cardiol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.10.031"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuculich, P.S., Schill, M.R., Kashani, R., Mutic, S., Lang, A., Cooper, D., Faddis, M., Gleva, M., Noheria, A., and Smith, T.W. (2017). Noninvasive cardiac radiation for ablation of ventricular tachycardia. N. Engl. J. Med.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613773"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038261","article-title":"Phase I\/II trial of electrophysiology-guided noninvasive cardiac radioablation for ventricular tachycardia","volume":"139","author":"Robinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for ablation of ventricular tachycardia","volume":"21","author":"Neuwirth","year":"2019","journal-title":"EP Eur."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dickfeld, T., Tian, J., Ahmad, G., Jimenez, A., Turgeman, A., Kuk, R., Peters, M., Saliaris, A., Saba, M., and Shorofsky, S. (2011). MRI-guided ventricular tachycardia ablation integration of late gadolinium-enhanced 3D scar in patients with implantable cardioverter- defibrillators. Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.958744"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cochet, H., Komatsu, Y., Sacher, F., Jadidi, A.S., Scherr, D., Riffaud, M., Derval, N., Shah, A., Roten, L., and Pascale, P. (2013). Integration of merged delayed-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and multidetector computed tomography for the guidance of ventricular tachycardia ablation: A pilot study. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol.","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12052"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedict, S.H., Yenice, K.M., Followill, D., Galvin, J.M., Hinson, W., Kavanagh, B., Keall, P., Lovelock, M., Meeks, S., and Papiez, L. (2010). Stereotactic body radiation therapy: The report of AAPM Task Group 101. Med. Phys.","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3438081"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pappone, C., Ciconte, G., Manguso, F., Vicedomini, G., Mecarocci, V., Conti, M., Giannelli, L., Pozzi, P., Borrelli, V., and Menicanti, L. (2018). Assessing the malignant ventricular arrhythmic substrate in patients with brugada syndrome. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.022"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talib, A.K., Takagi, M., Shimane, A., Nakano, M., Hayashi, T., Okajima, K., Kentaro, M., Fukada, K., Kowase, S., and Kurosaki, K. (2018). Efficacy of endocardial ablation of drug-resistant ventricular fibrillation in brugada syndrome. Circ. Arrhythma Electrophysiol.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.117.005631"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Igarashi, M., Nogami, A., Kurosaki, K., Hanaki, Y., Komatsu, Y., Fukamizu, S., Morishima, I., Kaitani, K., Nishiuchi, S., and Talib, A.K. (2018). Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and apical aneurysm. JACC Clin. Electrophysiol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.12.020"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogun, F.M., Desjardins, B., Good, E., Gupta, S., Crawford, T., Oral, H., Ebinger, M., Pelosi, F., Chugh, A., and Jongnarangsin, K. (2009). Delayed-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in nonischemic cardiomyopathy. utility for identifying the ventricular arrhythmia substrate. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.11.052"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreu, D., Berruezo, A., Ortiz-P\u00e9rez, J.T., Silva, E., Mont, L., Borr\u00e0s, R., De Caralt, T.M., Perea, R.J., Fern\u00e1ndez-Armenta, J., and Zeljko, H. (2011). Integration of 3D electroanatomic maps and magnetic resonance scar characterization into the navigation system to guide ventricular tachycardia ablation. Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.961946"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, S., Desjardins, B., Baman, T., Ilg, K., Good, E., Crawford, T., Oral, H., Pelosi, F., Chugh, A., and Morady, F. (2012). Delayed-enhanced MR scar imaging and intraprocedural registration into an electroanatomical mapping system in post-infarction patients. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2011.08.021"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cronin, E.M., Bogun, F.M., Maury, P., Peichl, P., Chen, M., Namboodiri, N., Aguinaga, L., Leite, L.R., Al-Khatib, S.M., and Anter, E. (2019). 2019 HRS\/EHRA\/APHRS\/LAHRS expert consensus statement on catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias. Europace.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz332"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cvek, J., Neuwirth, R., Knybel, L., Molenda, L., Otahal, B., Pindor, J., Mur\u00e1rov\u00e1, M., Kodaj, M., Fiala, M., and Branny, M. (2014). Cardiac radiosurgery for malignant ventricular tachycardia. Cureus.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.190"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.115.002765","article-title":"Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for the treatment of refractory cardiac ventricular arrhythmia","volume":"8","author":"Loo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J.S., and Choi, Y. (2020). Stereotactic cardiac radiation to control ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation storm in a patient with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at burnout stage: Case report. J. Korean Med. Sci., 35.","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e200"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.04.025","article-title":"Rescue procedure for an electrical storm using robotic non-invasive cardiac radio-ablation","volume":"128","author":"Jumeau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrcr.2018.10.007","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery as a treatment for recurrent ventricular tachycardia associated with cardiac fibroma","volume":"5","author":"Haskova","year":"2019","journal-title":"HeartRhythm Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrcr.2019.03.004","article-title":"Risen from the dead: Cardiac stereotactic ablative radiotherapy as last rescue in a patient with refractory ventricular fibrillation storm","volume":"5","author":"Scholz","year":"2019","journal-title":"HeartRhythm Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13731","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy for refractory ventricular tachycardia secondary to cardiac lipoma: A case report","volume":"42","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ed-Almor, J., Jim\u00e9nez-L\u00f3pez, J., Rodr\u00edguez de Dios, N., Tiz\u00f3n, H., Vall\u00e9s, E., and Algara, M. (2019). Noninvasive ablation of ventricular tachycardia with stereotactic radiotherapy in a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Rev. Esp. Cardiol. (Engl. Ed).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rec.2019.06.004"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrcr.2019.09.007","article-title":"Electroanatomical mapping\u2013guided stereotactic radiotherapy for right ventricular tachycardia storm","volume":"5","author":"Bhaskaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"HeartRhythm Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-019-01530-w","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy for ventricular tachycardia (cardiac radiosurgery): First-in-patient treatment in Germany","volume":"196","author":"Krug","year":"2020","journal-title":"Strahlenther. Onkol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayinger, M., Kovacs, B., Tanadini-Lang, S., Ehrbar, S., Wilke, L., Chamberlain, M., Moreira, A., Weitkamp, N., Brunckhorst, C., and Duru, F. (2020). First magnetic resonance imaging-guided cardiac radioablation of sustained ventricular tachycardia. Radiother. Oncol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.01.008"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lloyd, M.S., Wight, J., Schneider, F., Hoskins, M., Attia, T., Escott, C., Lerakis, S., and Higgins, K.A. (2019). Clinical experience of stereotactic body radiation for refractory ventricular tachycardia in advanced heart failure patients. Heart Rhythm.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.09.028"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin, R., Hayase, J., Hu, P., Cao, M., Deng, J., Ajijola, O., Do, D., Vaseghi, M., Buch, E., and Khakpour, H. (2020). Non-invasive stereotactic body radiation therapy for refractory ventricular arrhythmias: An institutional experience. J. Interv. Card. Electrophysiol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-020-00849-0"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gianni, C., Rivera, D., Burkhardt, J.D., Pollard, B., Gardner, E., Maguire, P., Zei, P.C., Natale, A., and Al-Ahmad, A. (2020). Stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation for refractory scar-related ventricular tachycardia. Heart Rhythm.","DOI":"10.1101\/19012880"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00e1uregui, B., Soto-Iglesias, D., Zucchelli, G., Penela, D., Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez, A., Ter\u00e9s, C., Chauca, A., Acosta, J., Fern\u00e1ndez-Armenta, J., and Linhart, M. (2021). Arrhythmogenic substrate detection in chronic ischaemic patients undergoing ventricular tachycardia ablation using multidetector cardiac computed tomography: Compared evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance. EP Eur.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa237"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brett, C., Cook, J., Aboud, A.A., Karim, R., Stevenson, W., and Shinohara, E.T. (2020). Novel workflow for conversion of catheter-based electroanatomic mapping to DICOM imaging for cardiac radiation ablation of ventricular tachycardia. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.07.627"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hohmann, S., Henkenberens, C., Zormpas, C., Christiansen, H., Bauersachs, J., Duncker, D., and Veltmann, C. (2020). A novel open-source software-based high-precision workflow for target definition in cardiac radioablation. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol.","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14660"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Fahimian, B., Soltys, S.G., Zei, P., Lo, A., Gardner, E.A., Maguire, P.J., and Loo, B.W. (2016). Stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR) of ventricular tachycardia: A treatment planning study. Cureus, 8.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.694"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Lydiard, S., Hugo, G., O\u2019Brien, R., Blanck, O., and Keall, P. (2020). A review of cardiac radioablation (CR) for arrhythmias: Procedures, technology and future opportunities. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.02.010","article-title":"Noninvasive stereotactic radiosurgery (CyberHeart) for creation of ablation lesions in the atrium","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maguire, P.J., Gardner, E., Jack, A.B., Zei, P., Al-Ahmad, A., Fajardo, L., Ladich, E., and Takeda, P. (2012). Cardiac Radiosurgery (CyberHeartTM) for treatment of arrhythmia: Physiologic and histopathologic correlation in the porcine model. Cureus.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.32"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038285","article-title":"Noninvasive stereotactic radioablation for ventricular tachycardia","volume":"139","author":"Zei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"299","article-title":"Experimental radiation-induced heart disease. I. Light microscopic studies","volume":"59","author":"Fajardo","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiani, S., Kutob, L., Schneider, F., Higgins, K.A., and Lloyd, M.S. (2020). Histopathologic and ultrastructural findings in human myocardium after stereotactic body radiation therapy for recalcitrant ventricular tachycardia. Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.008753"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.02.036","article-title":"Dose-escalation study for cardiac radiosurgery in a porcine model","volume":"89","author":"Blanck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.08.032","article-title":"Longer term results from a Phase I\/II study of ep-guided noninvasive cardiac radioablation for treatment of ventricular tachycardia (ENCORE-VT)","volume":"105","author":"Robinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monroy, E., Azpiri, J., De La Pe\u00f1a, C., Cardona, C., Hinojosa, M., Zamarripa, R., and Assad, J. (2016). Late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging post Robotic Radiosurgical Pulmonary Vein Isolation (RRPVI). First case in the world. Cureus, 8.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.738"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01650-9","article-title":"Radiosurgery for ventricular tachycardia: Preclinical and clinical evidence and study design for a German multi-center multi-platform feasibility trial (RAVENTA)","volume":"109","author":"Blanck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boda-Heggemann, J., Blanck, O., Mehrhof, F., Ernst, F., Buergy, D., Fleckenstein, J., T\u00fcl\u00fcmen, E., Krug, D., Siebert, F.-A., and Zaman, A. (2021). Interdisciplinary clinical target volume generation for cardiac radioablation: Multi-center benchmarking for the RAdiosurgery for VENtricular TAchycardia (RAVENTA) trial. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.01.028"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinson, C.G., Kashani, R., Bradley, J.D., Roach, M.C., Mutic, S., Schill, M., and Cuculich, P.S. (2016). Noninvasive stereotactic cardiac ablation for recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia (VT): Technical considerations and early clinical experience. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1890"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/6\/1238\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:37:01Z","timestamp":1760161021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/6\/1238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10061238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10061238","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]}}}