{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T22:24:23Z","timestamp":1791757463571,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":194,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder which is characterized by presence of antibodies against acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) or other proteins of the postsynaptic membrane resulting in damage to postsynaptic membrane, decreased number of AChRs or blocking of the receptors by autoantibodies. A number of drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, penicillamine, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and interferons may induce de novo MG by altering the immune homeostasis mechanisms which prevent emergence of autoimmune diseases such as MG. Other drugs, especially certain antibiotics, antiarrhythmics, anesthetics and neuromuscular blockers, have deleterious effects on neuromuscular transmission, resulting in increased weakness in MG or MG-like symptoms in patients who do not have MG, with the latter usually being under medical circumstances such as kidney failure. This review summarizes the drugs which can cause de novo MG, MG exacerbation or MG-like symptoms in nonmyasthenic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10071537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T10:34:12Z","timestamp":1617705252000},"page":"1537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Drugs That Induce or Cause Deterioration of Myasthenia Gravis: An Update"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shuja","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2030, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Alvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2030, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty","family":"Soliven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2030, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-5709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kourosh","family":"Rezania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2030, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-140045","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Neuromuscular Disorders: A Comprehensive Overview of the Literature","volume":"2","author":"Deenen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuromuscul. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carr, A.S., Cardwell, C., McCarron, P.O., and McConville, J. (2010). A systematic review of population based epidemiological studies in Myasthenia Gravis. BMC Neurol., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-46"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1254.054","article-title":"Myasthenia Gravis (MG): Epidemiological Data and Prognostic Factors","volume":"998","author":"Mantegazza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. 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