{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:49:03Z","timestamp":1792691343806,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No 2621\/B\/P01\/2011\/40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 2621\/B\/P01\/2011\/40"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No 2019\/33\/B\/NZ7\/01980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 2019\/33\/B\/NZ7\/01980"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: On the one hand, hypoxic exposure may result in progressive brain metabolism disturbance, causing subsequent cognitive impairments. On the other hand, it might also enhance neurogenesis and brain vascularization as well as accelerate cerebral blood flow, leading to cognitive function improvement. The aim of this study was to investigate whether progressive stages of normobaric hypoxia (NH) (FIO2 = 13%, FIO2 = 12%, and FIO2 = 11%) differentially affect post-exposure cognitive performance. Methods: Fifteen physically active men (age = 23.1 \u00b1 2.1) participated in the study. The Stroop test (ST) was applied to assess cognitive function. To generate NH conditions, a hypoxic normobaric air generator was used. Results: We observed an executive function impairment (\u201cnaming\u201d interference p &lt; 0.05) after NH exposure (FIO2 = 13%). After exposure at FIO2 = 12% and FIO2 = 11%, no changes were observed in the Stroop test. Also, changes in SpO2 during subsequent NH exposure were observed. Conclusions: The current investigation shows that executive functions deteriorate after acute NH exposure and this post-exposure deterioration is not proportional to the normobaric hypoxia stages among young physically active males.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T11:58:45Z","timestamp":1617883125000},"page":"1560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effect of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia Exposure on Executive Functions among Young Physically Active Males"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8491-4525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Chroboczek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2209-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Kostrzewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Training, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1707-8678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Micielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Pozna\u0144 University of Physical Education, 61-871 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Grzywacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Laskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.10.2152","article-title":"Lateralization of cerebral blood flow velocity changes during cognitive tasks. 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