{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:01:12Z","timestamp":1791489672718,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurogenic\/neuropathic bowel dysfunction (NBD) is common in children who are affected by congenital and acquired neurological disease, and negatively impacts quality of life. In the past, NBD received less attention than neurogenic bladder, generally being considered only in spina bifida (the most common cause of pediatric NBD). Many methods of conservative and medical management of NBD are reported, including relatively recently Transanal Irrigation (TAI). Based on the literature and personal experience, an expert group (pediatric urologists\/surgeons\/gastroenterologists with specific experience in NBD) focused on NBD in children and adolescents. A statement document was created using a modified Delphi method. The range of causes of pediatric NBD are discussed in this paper. The various therapeutic approaches are presented to improve clinical management. The population of children and adolescents with NBD is increasing, due both to the higher survival rate and better diagnosis. While NBD is relatively predictable in producing either constipation or fecal incontinence, or both, its various effects on each patient will depend on a wide range of underlying causes and accompanying comorbidities. For this reason, management of NBD should be tailored individually with a combined multidisciplinary therapy appropriate for the status of the affected child and caregivers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T22:55:09Z","timestamp":1618354509000},"page":"1669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9626-9519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Mosiello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Pediatric and Research Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaista","family":"Safder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Digestive, Health and Nutrition, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast BT97AB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1268-6092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udo","family":"Rolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Benninga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2010.12.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Mugie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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