{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T18:11:18Z","timestamp":1769105478443,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cerebral palsy litigation cases account for the highest claims involving obstetricians\/gynecologists, a specialty that ranks among the highest liability medical professions. Although epidemiologic studies indicate that only a small proportion of cerebral palsy (10\u201320%) is due to birth asphyxia, negligent obstetrical care is often alleged to be the etiologic factor, resulting in contentious medical-legal conflicts. Defense and plaintiff expert opinions regarding the etiology and timing of injury are often polarized, as there is a lack of established methodology for analysis. The objective results provided by umbilical cord and newborn acid\/base and blood gas values and the established association with the incidence of cerebral palsy provide a basis for the forensic assessment of both the mechanism and timing of fetal neurologic injury. Using established physiologic and biochemical principles, a series of case examples demonstrates how an unbiased expert assessment can aid in both conflict resolution and opportunities for clinical education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T04:21:08Z","timestamp":1618374068000},"page":"1676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Forensic Analysis of Umbilical and Newborn Blood Gas Values for Infants at Risk of Cerebral Palsy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-404X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G.","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, CA 90509, USA"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Torrance, CA 90509, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14147","article-title":"The panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden part XII shows that patterns changed in the birth years 2007\u20132010","volume":"107","author":"Himmelmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blair, E., Langdon, K., McIntyre, S., Lawrence, D., and Watson, L. 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