{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:41:44Z","timestamp":1790948504497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]],"date-time":"2021-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune hemolytic anemias are rare and heterogeneous disorders characterized by hemolysis, which is a well-recognized risk factor for thrombosis. The most common immune-mediated anemias are represented by autoimmune hemolytic anemia and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, both associated with a high rate of thrombosis. Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms for thrombosis have been proposed, involving hemolysis itself and additional effects of the immune system. Despite the increasing awareness of the thrombotic risk in these conditions, evidence-based guidance on prevention and management of thrombotic events is lacking. We herein report available evidence on epidemiological data on thrombosis and thrombophilia in immune-mediated hemolysis, together with possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, we summarize current recommendations for treatment of thrombosis in immune-mediated hemolysis. In particular, we address the issue of thrombotic complications treatment and prophylaxis by proposing a therapeutic algorithm, focusing on specific situations such as splenectomy and pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]],"date-time":"2021-04-18T22:15:13Z","timestamp":1618784113000},"page":"1764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Thrombotic Complications in Patients with Immune-Mediated Hemolysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9223-145X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Capecchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2297-5231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ciavarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Artoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3620-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Abbattista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03729.x","article-title":"Detection of lupus anticoagulant identifies patients with autoimmune hae-molytic anaemia at increased risk for venous thromboembolism","volume":"118","author":"Pullarkat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. 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