{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:46:31Z","timestamp":1791222391428,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Region \u00d6rebro County Research Committee","award":["OLL-779911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OLL-779911"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To compare two different methods of corneal culture in infectious keratitis: multiple sampling for direct inoculation and enrichment (standard method) and a single sample via transport medium for indirect inoculation (indirect inoculation method). Methods: Prospective inclusion of patients fulfilling predefined criteria of infectious keratitis undergoing corneal culture according to both studied methods in a randomized order. Results: The standard method resulted in a significantly higher proportion of positive culture outcomes among the 94 included episodes of infectious keratitis (61%; 57\/94) than the indirect inoculation method (44%; 41\/94) (p = 0.002) and a significantly higher proportion of microorganisms than the indirect inoculation method, with a Cohen\u2019s kappa of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.28\u20130.49) for agreement between the methods. Subanalysis of culture results showed that direct inoculation on gonococcal agar only combined with the indirect inoculation method resulted in a similar rate of culture positive patients and proportion of detected microorganisms to the standard method. Conclusion: Indirect inoculation of one corneal sample cannot replace direct inoculation of multiple corneal samples without loss of information. A combination of directly and indirectly inoculated samples can reduce the number of corneal samples by four without statistically significant differences in culture outcome or in the proportion of detected microorganisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T12:47:07Z","timestamp":1619009227000},"page":"1810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Corneal Culture in Infectious Keratitis: Effect of the Inoculation Method and Media on the Corneal Culture Outcome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1150-1751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Sagerfors","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, SE 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrysoula","family":"Karakoida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, SE 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, SE 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"Ejdervik Lindblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, SE 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5939-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"S\u00f6derquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, SE 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.169607","article-title":"Geographic variations in microbial keratitis: An analysis of the peer-reviewed literature","volume":"95","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. 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