{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:24:52Z","timestamp":1791415492853,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\u2014Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Patients should be tested for latent tuberculosis infection using interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA\/QF) prior to anti-TNF\u03b1 therapy. Indeterminate QF results can delay anti-TNF\u03b1 therapy. We sought to investigate factors associated with indeterminate QF results. Method\u2014Retrospective study of all IGRA tests requested for gastroenterology patients in 2017. We compared inpatients and outpatients and investigated factors potentially associated with QF usefulness (steroid exposure, C-reactive protein (CRP), hypoalbuminaemia, thrombophilia). Results\u2014We included 286 outpatients and 74 inpatients with IBD. Significantly more inpatients had an indeterminate IGRA (52.7% vs. 3.14% in outpatients; p &lt; 0.0001). Laboratory parameters reflecting inflammation (high CRP, low albumin, low haemoglobin and high platelets) were also associated with an indeterminate QF (p &lt; 0.0001). Exposure to steroids was more common in patients with an indeterminate QF (p &lt; 0.0001). A binary logistic regression analysis revealed inpatient status and steroid exposure to be independently predictive of an indeterminate QF (p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion\u2014There is a high chance of indeterminate QF results in inpatients. QF testing should ideally be performed in the outpatient setting at diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T12:47:07Z","timestamp":1619009227000},"page":"1816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Screening for TB in Hospitalised Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease before Anti-TNF Therapy: Is QuantiFERON\u00ae Gold Testing Useful?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Lovatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Gascoyne-Binzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hussey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthetics, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Garside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0903-9046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"McGill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2022-5859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian P.","family":"Selinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK"},{"name":"Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James\u2019s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318484","article-title":"British Society of Gastroenterology consensus guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults","volume":"68","author":"Lamb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2017.17.1.25","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Recent Advances in Biologic Therapies","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.4.443","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor and Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"40","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adegbola, S.O., Sahnan, K., Warusavitarne, J., Hart, A., and Tozer, P. 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