{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T08:25:17Z","timestamp":1782980717568,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Virus-related liver carcinogenesis is one of the main contributors of cancer-related death worldwide mainly due to the impact of chronic hepatitis B and C infections. Three mechanisms have been proposed to explain the oncogenic properties of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: induction of chronic inflammation and cirrhosis, expression of HBV oncogenic proteins, and insertional mutagenesis into the genome of infected hepatocytes. Hepatitis B insertional mutagenesis modifies the function of cancer driver genes and could promote chromosomal instability. In contrast, hepatitis C virus promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence mainly through cirrhosis development whereas the direct oncogenic role of the virus in human remains debated. Finally, adeno associated virus type 2 (AAV2), a defective DNA virus, has been associated with occurrence of HCC harboring insertional mutagenesis of the virus. Since these tumors developed in a non-cirrhotic context and in the absence of a known etiological factor, AAV2 appears to be the direct cause of tumor development in these patients via a mechanism of insertional mutagenesis altering similar oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes targeted by HBV. A better understanding of virus-related oncogenesis will be helpful to develop new preventive strategies and therapies directed against specific alterations observed in virus-related HCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T21:25:56Z","timestamp":1619126756000},"page":"1827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Genomics of Viral Hepatitis-Associated Liver Tumors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5479-1288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"P\u00e9neau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, \u00c9quipe Labellis\u00e9e Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, F-75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5687-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Zucman-Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, \u00c9quipe Labellis\u00e9e Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, F-75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"H\u00f4pital Europ\u00e9en Georges Pompidou, APHP, F-75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Charles","family":"Nault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, \u00c9quipe Labellis\u00e9e Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, F-75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Service d\u2019h\u00e9patologie, H\u00f4pital Avicenne, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, F-93000 Bobigny, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche Sant\u00e9 M\u00e9decine et Biologie Humaine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Nord, F-93000 Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017). 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