{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:44:51Z","timestamp":1789667091369,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) are critical ophthalmic emergencies that require urgent diagnosis and treatment to prevent blindness or globe loss. This study aimed to examine the various clinical presentations of IOFBs, determine the prognostic factors for final visual outcomes, establish diagnostic protocols, and update treatment strategies for patients with IOFBs. We retrospectively reviewed patients with IOFBs between 2005 and 2019. The mean age of the patients was 46.7 years, and the most common mechanism of injury was hammering (32.7%). The most common location of IOFBs was the retina and choroid (57.7%), and the IOFBs were mainly metal (76.9%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that poor final visual outcomes (&lt;20\/200) were associated with posterior segment IOFBs (odds ratio (OR) = 11.556, p = 0.033) and retinal detachment (OR = 4.781, p = 0.034). Diagnosing a retained IOFB is essential for establishing the management of patients with ocular trauma. To identify IOFBs, ocular imaging modalities, including computed tomography or ultrasonography, should be considered. Different strategies should be employed during the surgical removal of IOFBs depending on the material, location, and size of the IOFB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T22:31:39Z","timestamp":1619389899000},"page":"1861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Intraocular Foreign Body: Diagnostic Protocols and Treatment Strategies in Ocular Trauma Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hyun Chul","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Yoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Ki","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3588-4497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Un Chul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jang Won","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The One Seoul Eye Clinic, Seoul 06035, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6339-1235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Kyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3282fa75f1","article-title":"Current trends in the management of intraocular foreign bodies","volume":"19","author":"Yeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. 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