{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T19:39:25Z","timestamp":1788205165234,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Medicine Essen Clinician Scientist Academy UMEA - Clinician Scientist Program (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG),","award":["413570972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["413570972"]}]},{"name":"Shake the World, Firenze, Italy","award":["n.a."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.a."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Recurrent bleeding in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) can lead to chronic iron deficiency anemia (CIDA). Existing research points to CIDA as a contributing factor in restless leg syndrome (RLS). The association between HHT-related symptoms and the prevalence of RLS was analyzed. Methods: An online survey was conducted whereby the standardized RLS-Diagnostic Index questionnaire (RLS-DI) was supplemented with 82 additional questions relating to HHT. Results: A total of 474 persons responded to the survey and completed responses for questions pertaining to RLS (mean age: 56 years, 68% females). Per RLS-DI criteria, 48 patients (48\/322, 15%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11\u201319%) self-identified as having RLS. An analysis of physician-diagnosed RLS and the RLS-DI revealed a relative frequency of RLS in HHT patients of 22% (95% CI: 18\u201327%). In fact, 8% (25\/322; 95% CI: 5\u201311%) of the HHT patients had RLS which had not been diagnosed before. This equals 35% of the total amount of patients diagnosed with RLS (25\/72; 95% CI: 25\u201346%). HHT patients with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding (prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.53\u20134.77), blood transfusions (PR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.27\u20132.86), or iron intake (PR = 2.05, 95% CI: 0.99\u20134.26) had an increased prevalence of RLS. Conclusions: Our data suggest that RLS is underdiagnosed in HHT. In addition, physicians should assess CIDA parameters for possible iron supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T11:10:27Z","timestamp":1620299427000},"page":"1993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Restless Leg Syndrome Is Underdiagnosed in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia\u2014Results of an Online Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8811-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freya","family":"Droege","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6363-9061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Stang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen University Hospital, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kruthika","family":"Thangavelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35042 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Lueb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Xydakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Research Lab, 2245 Monahan Way, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3555-5271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urban","family":"Geisthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35042 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3597","article-title":"Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. 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