{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:42:25Z","timestamp":1760164945276,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mediates extravasation of leukocytes, releasing proinflammatory cytokines or endogenous opioids in the inflamed tissue. Thus, ICAM-1 is a crucial component of peripheral antinociception. Previously, we demonstrated a significant correlation between the soluble form of ICAM (sICAM-1) in serum and pain intensity reported by chronic pain patients. The present study examines the role and kinetics of sICAM-1 in experimentally induced acute pain. Three groups of 10 subjects were exposed to 10 min of high (capsaicin-enhanced) or low-intensity heat pain or cold pain, respectively. Thermal stimuli were induced using a device for quantitative sensory testing. Topical capsaicin significantly increased heat pain intensity without the risk of thermal tissue damage. Pain intensity was recorded every minute during testing. sICAM-1 concentrations in serum were determined by ELISA before, immediately after, and 60 min after test termination. Among all experimental groups, sICAM-1 significantly decreased immediately after pain induction. After 60 min, sICAM-1 concentrations returned towards initial values. Interestingly, a linear correlation was found between the extent of sICAM-1 changes and the initial concentrations. Whereas high initial values led to a distinct decrease of sICAM-1, low concentrations tended to increase. There was no statistically significant correlation between levels or alterations of serum sICAM-1 and pain intensity reported by the test subjects. In contrast to our previous findings in chronic pain patients, the present results show that sICAM-1 values do not correlate with the intensity of acute experimental pain. However, we were able to detect short-term changes of sICAM-1 after induction of nociceptive thermal stimuli, suggesting that this marker is part of a demand-oriented homeostatically controlled system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10092021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T21:32:46Z","timestamp":1620595966000},"page":"2021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Short-Term Kinetics of sICAM-1 after Induction of Acute Experimental Pain in Healthy Volunteers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"L\u00fcke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Pain Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahnaz Christina","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Pain Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90097-3","article-title":"A comparison of pain measurement characteristics of mechanical visual analogue and simple numerical rating scales","volume":"56","author":"Price","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.08.016","article-title":"Studies Comparing Numerical Rating Scales, Verbal Rating Scales, and Visual Analogue Scales for Assessment of Pain Intensity in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"41","author":"Hjermstad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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