{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:08:53Z","timestamp":1774008533588,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003711","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2314-B-010-032-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2314-B-010-032-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["No. PED1090388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. PED1090388"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V110C-033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V110C-033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University","award":["No. 107F-M01-0603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 107F-M01-0603"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cirrhotic complications resulting from portal hypertension can be considerably reduced by non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs); however, scarce studies have investigated therapeutic agents for other complications. We aimed to investigate the effects of NSBBs on common cirrhotic complications of infection, acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic renal function declination, and sarcopenic changes. Methods: Medical records of hospitalization for cirrhosis with at least a 4-year follow-up were analyzed and selected using propensity-score matching (PSM). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was applied to assess the association of NSBBs with infection requiring hospitalization and AKI. Chronic renal function declination was evaluated by slope of regression lines derived from reciprocal of the serum creatinine level. The covariates of CT-measured skeletal muscle index (SMI) alterations were analyzed by generalized linear mixed model. Results: Among the 4946 reviewed individuals, 166 (83 NSBB group, 83 non-NSBB group) were eligible. Using GEE, Charlson comorbidity index, Child-Pugh score and non-NSBB were risk factors for infection; non-NSBB group revealed a robust trend toward AKI, showed no significant difference with chronic renal function declination of NSBB group, and was negatively associated with SMI alteration. Conclusion: Chronic NSBB use lowered the episodes of infection requiring hospitalization and AKIs, whereas non-NSBB was associated with sarcopenic changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T13:15:15Z","timestamp":1621602915000},"page":"2244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Non-Selective Beta-Blockers Decrease Infection, Acute Kidney Injury Episodes, and Ameliorate Sarcopenic Changes in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Propensity-Score Matching Tertiary-Center Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tzu-Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No.95, Wen Chang Rd., Shihlin District, Taipei 111, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City 242, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1313-4628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Chang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Skills Training, Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Lien","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiang-Fen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7719-0397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Skills Training, Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4154-4018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Youh","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Chih","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Chieh","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, 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