{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:12:19Z","timestamp":1790305939678,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Whereas several studies have been so far presented about the surgical outcomes in terms of mortality and perioperative complications for elderly patients submitted to neurosurgical treatments, the management of elderly moyamoya patients is unclear. This review aims to explore the available data about the clinical manifestation, characteristics, and outcome after surgery of older patients with moyamoya arteriopathy (MA). We found only two articles strictly concerning elderly patients with MA. We have also evaluated other reported adult series of moyamoya patients, including elderly cases in their analysis. Patients with MA above 50 years old may be considered a peculiar subset in which patients are often presenting with ischemic symptoms and a higher Suzuki grade. Conservative treatment may be proposed in asymptomatic or stable cases due to their fragility and possible increase of post-operative complications, while the best surgical options in symptomatic cases are still under investigation, although we believe that a minimal invasive superficial temporal artery\u2014middle cerebral artery bypass could be considered the treatment of choice for the immediate effect on brain perfusion with a limited rate of post-operative complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T13:14:21Z","timestamp":1621948461000},"page":"2287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Characteristics of Moyamoya Disease in the Older Population: Is It Possible to Define a Typical Presentation and Optimal Therapeutical Management?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0664-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignazio G.","family":"Vetrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2493-628X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bersano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Canavero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Restelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Raccuia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa F.","family":"Ciceri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Farag\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gioppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8818-1317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan","family":"Broggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Schiariti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6751-5031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Ferroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Acerbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Experimental Microsurgical Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70240-0","article-title":"Moyamoya disease: Current concepts and future perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Kuroda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet. 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